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        | larger portable tape player |  
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        | the first one went on sale in 1983 and surpassed vinyl record by 1988 |  
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        | stood for music television, became the preferred way of releasing a new song or act |  
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        | Analog recording/digital recording |  
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        Definition 
        
        | changed the sounds to 0s and 1s |  
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        | device allowing you to synthesize sounds |  
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        Definition 
        
        | capable of storing both prerecorded and synthesized sounds |  
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        | devices that record musical data rather than musical sound and enable |  
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        | performers strum and activate drum pads triggering the production of sampled sounds |  
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        Term 
        
        | Michael Jackson, Thriller |  
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        Definition 
        
        | short movie like music video, appealed to a very large audience |  
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        | In May 1983, Jackson appeared on the television special 25 Years of Motown and introduced this dance while performing “Billie Jean” from Thriller. |  
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        | Bruce Springsteen, Born in the USA |  
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        | rebellious rock'n'roller, songs reflected his working class origins |  
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        | performed with Bruce Springsteen |  
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        | controversial album he recorded in South Africa |  
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        Term 
        
        | Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Paul Shabalala |  
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        Definition 
        
        | Homeless,” in which both the words (in Zulu and English) and the music were co-written by Simon and Joseph Shabalala of Ladysmith Black Mambazo |  
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        | Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This), Here Comes the Rain Again |  
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        | What's Love Have to Do With It, Proud Mary |  
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        | Sledgehammer, In Your Eyes |  
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        | Born in the USA, Cover Me |  
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        | You Can Call Me Al, Homeless |  
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        | Like a Virgin, Material Girl |  
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        | Purple Rain, When Doves Die |  
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        | I Will Always Love You, I Wanna Dance With Somebody |  
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        | All Night Long, Three Times a Lady |  
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        | Hit Me With Your Best Shot, Love is a Battlefield |  
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        | mid 1980’s saw rap come into the main stream |  
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        | cofounded in 1984 by Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin, picked up where sugar hill records left off |  
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        | in 1988 MTV launced the first show dedicated to hip-hop |  
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        | largest selling music periodical, was dedicated to hip-hop |  
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        | Chronicled the dilemmas faced by urban communities from a first-person, present-tense viewpoint |  
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        | West coast record label for gangsta rappers |  
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        | East coast record label for gangsta rappers |  
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        | up-tempo repetitive, electric dance music. Developed in NY, Chicago and Detroit |  
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        | parties where techno music was mainly played, included people using drugs like ecstasy |  
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        | developed in Chicago, mainly instrumentals developed around the country and world |  
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        | an alternative to TV, radio, record stores etc. |  
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        | In 1992, the commercial breakthrough for this genre was achieved by Nirvana, a band from the Pacific Northwest |  
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        Term 
        
        | Indie rock/underground rock |  
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        Definition 
        
        | The most bands of this genre in the 1980s were R.E.M. (formed in 1980 in Athens, Georgia) and New York’s Sonic Youth (formed in New York City in 1981). |  
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        | extreme variation of punk, by bands in San Francisco; screaming lyrics or a wall of guitar chords. |  
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        | audience members pushed their way to the front of the stage, smashed into one another and occasional climbed up on stage diving off into the crowd |  
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        | blended the fast tempos and rebellious attitude of hardcore with the technical virtuosity of heavy metal guitar playing |  
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        | not as hard or fast, superstars like Metallica, anthrax etc. |  
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        | subgenre of alternative rock, fusion of punk, alternative and heavy metal |  
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        | replacement for “traditional music” The influence of American pop traveled across the world to many different countries |  
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        | Pakistani dance club music |  
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        | Australian Aboriginal rock music (the band Yothu Yindi) |  
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        Khan was a leading performer of qawwali, a genre of mystical  singing practiced by Sufi Muslims in Pakistan and India |  
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        | Walk This Way (With Aerosmith), It's Tricky |  
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        | (You Gotta) Fight Fur Your Right (to Party), Brass Monkey |  
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        | Don't Believe the Hype, Night of the Living Baseheads |  
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        | U Can't Touch This, Too Legit to Quit |  
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        | What's My Name, Young Wild & Free |  
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        | Wild Thing, Funky Cold Medina |  
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        | Losing My Religion, Stand |  
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        | Holiday in Cambodia, California Uber Alles |  
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        | Smells Like Teen Spirit, In Bloom |  
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        | Ani DiFracio (alternative folk) |  
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        | Not a Pretty Girl, Wishin' and Hopin' |  
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        | Lauryn Hill (alternative hip-hop) |  
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        | Doo Wop (That Thing), Ex-Factor |  
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        | K.D. Lang (alternative country) |  
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        | Constant Craving, Nowhere to Stand |  
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        | Conga, Rhythm is Gonna Get You |  
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        | Coma la Flor, Bidi Bidi Bom Bom |  
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        | Ja Funmbi, Somba/E Falaba Lewe |  
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        | The Face of Love (with Eddie Vedder) |  
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        | Where Does My Heart Beat Now?, My Heart Will Go On |  
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        | One Sweet Day (with Boyz II Men), Obsessed |  
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        | Forever and For Always, Man! I Feel Like a Woman |  
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        | Friends in Low Places, The Thunder Rolls |  
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        | whites fascination with African American music |  
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        | the fact that the was “black” and “white” music. A way of classifying humans into racial categories |  
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        | different stereotypes for men and women found in music |  
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        | the expression of working, middle, and upper class shown in music |  
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        | the creation of new styles, popular music plays an important role in creating youth cultures |  
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        | phonograph to radio to electric microphone to sound film to magnetic tape recording and long-playing disc to FM radio |  
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        | Clear Channel, vertical integration |  
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        | when one company had control over all facets of the business ie. Radio, tv, clubs, billboards etc |  
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        | digital file compression system, allows sound files to be compressed to 1/12th their original size. |  
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        | internet based software program that allowed computer users to share and swap files, music, through a centralized file server |  
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        | include Grokster, Morpheus and Kazaa. They claim to be exempt from copy right laws because in a peer-to-peer network there is no central server |  
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        Term 
        
        | Apple computer, iPod, iTunes |  
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        | iPod was launched in 2001 and iTunes was launched in 2003 |  
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        | launched in 2003, musicians made recording available on MySpace pages but later sued for copyright infringements |  
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        | launched in 2005 which allows you to watch videos and listen to music for free |  
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