Aims at accuracy and objectivity and cultivates realistic and even sordid portrayals of people and their environment.

Focuses on how the subject is painted (realistically) rather than what the subject is and what that subject means.

The attempt to represent subject matter truthfully with out artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.

Focuses on subject matter having a more 'realistic' quality than other fine art movements utilizing common folk and everyday life.

A horizontal continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall.

Made up of a Architrave, Frieze and a Cornice.

A technique used in 18th c France to cast soft broze that is then gilded to create a matte gold finish. Mercury is involved in the process and many artisans died from it's use.

Also called Gilt Bronze in English

A sea monster in the Indonesian or Indo-Chinese culture. It is an emblem of water and can have the features of a crocodile, elephant, seal, and many others.

Derived from Hindu mythology.

A layout for a church that is derived from the image of Christ on the cross.

Usually associated with Gothic churches.

A modern art technique that uses (found) objects and various methods for combining them together to create a piece of art.

Credited to Georges Braque and Pable Picasso.

Methods include decoupage, photomontage, mosiac, digital collage, 3-D collage, wood collage, painting collage.

1789-1848 French Revolution & European Revolts

Themes from the classics are used but given new meaning to reflect the current times using individuality and freedom of expression.

The sublime is important along with revolutionary politics, unconscious dreams and fantasies, and nature.

Turner, Fuseli, Delacroix, Gros, Rude, Goya, William Blake

America in the 20's - 40's

Focused on rural small town America rather than the metropolitan America. Realist style, Precisionism and Regionalists.

Precisionists: Sheeler, Demuth, O'keef, Stella

Regionalists: Benton, Curry, Grant Wood (American Gothic)

1848 founded by William Holman Hunt

John Everette Millias, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, Frederic George Stephens, Thomas Woolner, and James Collinson.

Rejected Mannerism and wanted to return to the abundant detail, intense color and complex compositions of classical Quattrocento Italian Art.

1900-1910

Henri Matisse, Andre Derain

les fauves in French means the wild beasts. This is displayed through the wild brush work and strident colors as well as simplified/abstracted subject matter.

Extreme developments of VanGough's style with the pointillism of Seurat

1839-1906 French Post Impressionist

Considered to be the bridge between Impressionism and early 20th c. movements like Cubism.

Rejected by galleries but the younger generation, like Picasso and Mattise revered him.

Cloisonism, repetitive exploratory brushwork, planes of color & small brush strokes to build up complex fields.

1859-1891 French Post Impressionist

Father of pointillism and chromoluinairism.

"Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" 1884-86

"Bathers at Asineres" 1884

Same make up as terra cotta but no color added. Generally a golden color but can have any color added.

Very sturdy.

Post Impressionist style with bold flat forms separated with dark contour lines. Inspired by Cloisonne jewelry technique.

Used by Gauguin, Bernard, Anquetin, and Serusier

Closely realted to sythetism (to combine so as to for a new complex product).

1919-1933 German Art School

Founded by Walter Gropius and also run by Mies van der Rohe and Hannes Meyer.

Industrial Design, Modernism and Modernist Architecture.

Simplified forms, rationality and functionality with the capability of mass production.

1910-1920 New York

Robert Henri, George Luks, William Glackens, John Sloan and Everett Shinn

Against American Impressionism and Academic Realism. Art should be like journalism and portray things "as real as mud." Focused on the working class and urban environments.

1830-1870 France

Founded by Theodore Rousseau, Jean Francois Millet, Charles Francois Daubingy

Softness, tonal, natural quality with subject matter of landscapes and the marginalized poor peasants.

Influenced by John Constable.

French countryside in the area of Barbizon, France.

1898-1976 American Sculptor

Originator of the mobile or 'kinetic sculpture'

Studied Mechanical Engineering and spent time with Ashcan artists George Luks and John Sloan.

Famous for his mobiles and wire sculptures inspired by the circus.

1886-1957 Mexican

Frida Kahlo was his 3rd wife.

Influenced by Aztec and Mayan artwork, experimented with Cubism then shifted to Post-Impressionism.

Proponant of the Mexican Mural Movement

1727-1788 English

Known for portraits and landscapes with the style of Realism.

Studied at the Royal Academy of Arts

"Blue Boy" 1770

1832-1883 French

Pivotal artist in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.

One of the first to paint modern life instead of historical or allegorical subjects.

"Lucheon on the Grass" & "Olympia"

1848-1903 French

Post Impressionist that was associated with Symbolist, Synthetist and Cloisonism.

Had working relationships with Pissaro, Van Gough and Degas.

Influenced artists like Picasso and Matisse.

1930 - Pressent

American Pop Artists and Neo-Dadaist

Was romantic partners with Robert Rauchemberg

Meaning through conventional symbols, and use symbols outside of their context.

"Flag" "US Map"

Process of using a strong acid or mordant to cut into unprotected parts of a metal surche to create a design in intaglio.

A protective coating is scratched away to expose the metal to the mordant.

An inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket then to the printing surface.

Can be used with Lithography.

Credited to Robert Barclay 1875 and Ira Washington Rubel 1904.

Late 18th c. early 19th c.

Inspired by Ancient Greece and Rome and Winckelmann's writings on Pompeii.

Ancient stories in contemporary context. Symmetrical linear perspective that leads to a carefully constructed background.

Industrial Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment.

18th C. aka "Late Baroque"

Shuns straight lines, has sensual and playful overtones, countryside settings, and pastel tones.

More for private display than Baroque's public works. Patrons were more nobels and dukes than kings and Popes.

Watteau, Hogarth, Tiepolo, Gainsborogh, Reyolds.

1600-1700

Movement, undulation (concave and convex forms) and elaborate ornamatation.

In Architecture gardens were designed to enhance buildings and windows were designed to view the gardens.

Usually assoc. with 'court art' but Holland is the exception.

Barromini, Guarini, Rembrant, Rubens, Caravaggio, Claude, Gentilischi.

1870's-1880's Based in Paris

"Impression, Sunrise" Claude Monet 1872

Small thin visual brush strokes, accurate depictions of light, ordinary subject matter, movement.

Plein-air painting.

1910's-1920's

Avant Garde Movement

Pioneered by Picasso and George Braque, Influenced by Cezanne.

Image is broken up and shown from multiple angles, giving 2-D space 3-D form and greater context.

Had an effect on movements of Futurism, Suprematism, Dadism, Constructivism and De Stijl

The study of meaning-making and the philosophical theory of signs and symbols.

3 Areas:

Semantics, Syntactics, and Pragmatics

De Stijl

or Neo Plasticism

1917-1931 Dutch

Pure abstraction, only primary colors and black and white are used, only horizontal and vertical lines are used. The essentials of form and color.

Mondrian, Vilmos Huszar, Bart van der Leck, Garret Reitveld, Robert van t'Hoff

Big influence on the Bauhaus style.

Pop Art

1950's Britan and USA

To Challenge the traditions of fine art by including imagery of pop culture.

Similar to Dadaism emphasizing banal or kitchy elements with the use of irony.

Andy Warhol, Richard Hamilton, Roy Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenberg, Wayne Thiebaud.

1720-1778 Italian

Famous for his etchings of scenes in Rome and fictitious atmospheric "prisions".

Prisons - set of 16 prints

Influential on Romanticism and Surrealism

Looks like M.C. Escher

16th C. Ventian School (Italian)

Very versatile but noted for his mastery of color.

A contrast to Mannerist painters of that time.

Precursor and Influence on subsequent movements like the Baroqe period.

1577-1640 Flemish Baroque Painter

Known for altar pieces, portraits, landscapes and history paintings of myth and allegory.

Movement, color and sensuality - the ideology of Baroque style.

1940's America

Post WW2, Influenced by Surrealism, the denial of self expression yet has emotional intensity, anti figurative.

"A creative spontaneous act."

Pollock, Mark Tobey, Gorky, Kline, Still, Hofmann, de Kooning

Art Nouveau

or

Jugendstil

1890-1910

Natural forms and structures, flowers, plants, curved lines. Harmonize with the natural environment.

Decorative arts and applied arts were important in this movement.

Alphonse Mucha, Toulouse-Lautrec, Steinlin, Tiffany (as in Tiffany lamps), and Gaudi.

Last developed order of classical Greek architecture. The most ornate order, slender fluted columns, elaborate capitals decorates with acanthus leaves and small scrolls.

The composite order is a much later developed offshoot of this style.

Second developed order of classical Greek architecture characterized by its capital. The thinnest and smallest of the 3 orders and has 24 flutes along the shaft. The frieze is richly sculptural in bas relief.

Archaic period.

First developed order (the oldest) of classical Greek architecture. Vertical shafts flutes with 20 parallel concave grooves. Topped by a smooth capital, the height is 4-8x the diameter and is the most squat column of the 3 orders.

The Tuscan order is a later developed offshoot of this order.

1819-1877 French Realist

Rejected Romanticism and made bold social statements. Wrote the Realist Manifesto.

Illusionistic ceiling painting that uses techniques of perspective such as foreshortening to create the illusion of 3-D space.

Trome l'oeil

Used in the Renaissance, Rococo and Baroque periods.

The technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface.

Called low relief in sculpture.

Van Gough and many Impressionists used this technique.

Glazier

Includes many Avat Garde movements: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Expressionism, Constructivism, de Stijl, and abstract Expressionism.

Industrialization, rapid social change and advances in science and social science lead to these changes in art, usually making a great leap forward, trying to use media in a new way.

1909-1914 Italy Avante Garde

Tommaso Marinetti writes the Futurist Manifesto 1909.

Focuses on speed, technology, youth and violence, and originality. Wants nothing to do with the past, good taste. Constant movement is a element of this style.

Leads to Divisionism and Cubism.

Boccioni, Carra, Balla, Severini, Russolo

1915-1924 New York and Europe

Avant Garde. Roots in Cubism, Collage, German Expressionism and Abstraction.

Reaction against WW1 and the bourgeoisie ideals that led to it. Anti-art intended to offend. Reaction to the insane spectacle of collective homocide.

Collage, photomontage, assemblage, and readymades.

1920's to present

"Resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality." Elements of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitors.

Follows Dadaism and influenced by Freud's theories of free association and dream analysis.

Andre Breton, Dali, Bunuel, Ernst, Miro.

1919 Russia post WW1

Art as a practice for social purpose. Antoine Pevsner and Naum Gabo's Realist Manifesto was the spiritual core for the movement.

Valdamir Tatlin's Monument to the Third International (key piece, never built).

Rodchenko, Ricter, Moholy-Nagy

Column

or

Pillar

or

Comression Member

Structural element that transmits weight of the structure above to the structure below.

Made up of a Capital, Shaft and Plinth.

Doric, Ionic and Corinthian are the 3 orders in Greek Classical Architecture.

A curved structure that spans a space and may or may not support weight.

Pointed arches - Gothic Style

Parabolic Arches - Common in bridges

Rounded (Circular) Arches - Ancient Romans

A- Portico,

B- Atrium,

C- Narthex,

D- Nave,

E- Aisle,

F- Bema,

G- Altar,

H- Catedra

A - Portico

B - Atrium

C - Narthex

D - Aisle

E - Nave

F - Bema

G - Altar

H - Catedra