Term
| What transport protein malfunctions in CF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of CFTR? |
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Definition
| A chloride channel and in the upper airway a downregulator of ENAC a Na channel. |
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Term
| How does Cystic Fibrosis effet the upper airway? |
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Definition
| Reduced CFTR activity > No ENAC downregulationship> Incresed Na efflux from airway mucus> Increased H20 efflux> Sticky mucus> Reduced cilia action and increased mucus volume> Infections and pseudonoma in anaerobi mucus |
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Term
| How does CF affect the sweat glands? |
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Definition
| No CFTR action > No reabsorption of Cl from sweat> No Na reabsorption> Salty sweat |
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Term
| What i a simple protein? What is a complex protein? |
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Definition
| A simple protein contatin only amino acids A complex protein contatins additional structures |
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Term
| What reaction forms a peptide bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| Outline the structure of an alpha helix? |
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Definition
| A single spiral, stabilised by hydrogen bonds with a hydrophilic core |
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Term
| Outline the structure of a beta pleated sheet? |
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Definition
| A simple fold of a protein chain back on itself(antiparralell), secured by hydrogen bonds |
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Term
| What is the one imino acid and what is its role? |
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Definition
| Proline, its cyclical structure makes it a helical breaker |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pyramidines? |
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Definition
| Thyamine, Cytosine and Uracil |
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Term
| Which base pair has three hydrogen bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the structure of the double helix? |
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Definition
| Eccentric with a minor and majot groove |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is wrapped around histone proteins forming nuclosomes, this is chromatin. Chromatin forms the chromosones |
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Term
| What histone proteins constitute a nucleosome? |
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Definition
| 2x H2A, 2xH2B, 2xH3, 2xH4 |
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Term
| Which histone protein is not part of the nucleosome, but helps stabilise the structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the structure of mRNA? |
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Definition
| A g residue cap and a poly adenosine tail with the RNA sequence in between |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Converting RNA to an amino acid sequence |
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Term
| What are the uses of reverse transcriptase? |
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Definition
| Viruses use it to hijack cellular machinery. In humans telomerase uses it to maintain the telomeres |
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Term
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Definition
| The repeats on the end of DNA sequences that protect the genetic information, maintained by telomerase |
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Term
| What is the differnces between DNA and RNA viruses? |
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Definition
| RNA viruses must convert their RNA back to DNA to hijack cells, DNA viruses dont have to. Because there is no proofreading for this process mutations are frequent, and RNA viruses rapodly mutate and are therefore difficult to vaccinate against (ie flu) |
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Term
| How does telomerase repair telomeres? |
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Definition
| Telomerase contatins a version of the enzyme reverse transcriptase |
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Term
| What is the function of the large subunit of a ribosome? |
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Definition
| To bind incoming tRNAs and form the peptide bonds to make the polypeptide |
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Term
| What is the function of the small subunit of a ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are ribosomes constructed? |
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Definition
| The nucleolus, within the nucleus |
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Term
| What is the difference between somatic and germline genetic engineering? |
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Definition
| Somatic is on living indivicuals, and attempts to replace genes in a specific part of the body. Germline therapy is altering the makeup of germ cells i.e. sperm or egss and is a more permanent change |
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