Term
a sporty teenage has pain over her tibial tubercle. what is the most likely cause?
what if she had anterior knee pain when walking up and down the stairs and also pain if she stands up from having been sat down for a prolonged time? |
|
Definition
Osgood-scatler disease in sporty teenagers. there is pain, tenderness and swelling over the tibial tubercle.
chondromalacia patella is seen in teenage girls. pain when going up and down stairs. also anterior knee pain when standing up after prolonged sitting. there is softening of the cartiallage of the patella. this usually responds to physiotherapy. |
|
|
Term
| what are the features of patella tendonitis? |
|
Definition
there is chronic anterior knee pain
this is worse after running
common in athletic teenage boys
O/E they are tender below the patella |
|
|
Term
| inverted and plantar flexed foot that is not passively correctable is called? |
|
Definition
talipes equinovarus
more common in boys.
mx usually conservative e.g. Ponsetti method |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nifedipine a calcium channel blocker
WBC is the mneumonic to remember colour change in raynauds
this is white then blue then crimson(red) |
|
|
Term
| in adhesive capsulitis which movement is affected more than internal rotation or abduction |
|
Definition
external rotation.
both active and passive movements are affected.
mx: NSAIDs, physio, PO corticosteroids and intraartciular steroid injections. |
|
|
Term
| a bakers cycst that becomes tense on extending the leg. what is this sign? |
|
Definition
Fouchers sign
bakers cyst more likely to develop in those with arthritis or gout following minor trauma to knee. |
|
|
Term
| what pathognomonic sign on xray would you see in someone with psuedogout? |
|
Definition
| chondrocalcinosis. this is calcification of the cartilage. |
|
|
Term
| in which type of shoulder dislocation would you see the light bulb sign? |
|
Definition
| posterior shoulder dislocation |
|
|
Term
| which sholder dislocation is a result of external rotation and abduction of the upper limb? |
|
Definition
| anterior shoulder dislocation. |
|
|
Term
| the presence of Heberdons nodes and thumb symptoms is highly suggestive of which type of arthritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| marfans syndrome is AD. which chromosome does it affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which way is the lens dissoaciated in marfans? |
|
Definition
it is dissociated upwards.
you can remember this by thinking they want to look up towards their high arched palate.
they also have myopia and blue sclera |
|
|
Term
| which medication can stimulate saliva production in srogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
if there is loss of dorsiflexion and eversion where do you reckon the nerve palsy is?
what happens to eversion in L5 radiculopathy? |
|
Definition
common peroneal
in L5 radiculopathy eversion tends to be spared. |
|
|
Term
| characteristic features of peroneal nerve palsy? |
|
Definition
foot drop
weakness of eversion and dorsiflexion
wasting of anterior tibial and peroneal muscles
weakness of extensor halluces longus |
|
|
Term
how to remember salter-harris fracture classification?
Peter,
Pushed Me
Pushed Everyone
Pushed My Elephant
but my elephant
Crushed him |
|
Definition
1 = peter = physis
2 = pushed me = physis and metaphysis
3 = pushed everyone = physis and epiphysis
4 = pushed my elephant = physis, metaphysis and epiphysis
but my elephant
5 = crushed him = Crush fracture. |
|
|
Term
| marble bone disease is AKA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in OA of the hip which sign is usually noticed first on examination? |
|
Definition
| reduced internal rotation. |
|
|
Term
| supraspinatus tendonitis.. what special test would be suggestive of this diagnosis? |
|
Definition
painful arc test between 60 and 120
tender anterior acromium. |
|
|
Term
| 24 year old female presents with left sided palsy, enlarged parotids, painful red eye and hypercalcemia. what diagnosis are you thinking? |
|
Definition
sarcoidosis. it can cause the 4 symptoms described in the question
hypercalceamia
parotid enlargement
facial nerve palsy
painful red eye |
|
|
Term
| T score results in DEXA scan |
|
Definition
this is the normal variant in young people. the Z score is adjusted for age and sex.
T score > -1 is normal
T - 1 to -2.5 is osteopenia
T score < -2.5 is osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| xray findings in perthes disease? |
|
Definition
| widening of the hip joint space and flattening of the femoral head. |
|
|
Term
| if pain in a child less that 16 is lasting more than 3 months and they have a limp what diagnosis are you going towards? |
|
Definition
| juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
|
|
Term
| surgical rx of choice in intracapsular femoral fracture? |
|
Definition
hemiarthroplasty
in extra capsular fracture it is DHS. |
|
|
Term
| what do muscle of the rotator cuff do? |
|
Definition
subscapularis - internal rotation
supraspinatus - first 20 degrees of shoulder abduction
the remaining two do external rotation |
|
|
Term
| what type of anti bodies predominate in limited cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis? |
|
Definition
limited cutaneous - anti centromete antibodies
diffuse cutaneous disease - anti scl-70 anti bodies. |
|
|
Term
| what effect will anticoagulation have on compartment syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of heel pain seen in adults that is made worse when walking on tiptoes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which test for TB is no longer used in the uk? |
|
Definition
The Heaf test
we use mantoux and interferon gamma test for screening TB. mantoux more commonly used that the latter. |
|
|
Term
| schobers test less than how many cm is indicative of ankylosing spondylitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
young girl complains of knee pain after exercise.
there is also intermittent locking and swelling. which diagnosis are you thinking? |
|
Definition
| osteochondritis dissecans. |
|
|
Term
| finklesteins test is used to diagnose which type of synovitis? |
|
Definition
| de quervains sinovitis. the hand is deviated medially very quickly and this causes pain along the distal radius |
|
|
Term
| ACE levels are normally high with which AI condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a question if a person has normal knee and ankle reflexes the lesion cannot be in which nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| L3 nerve root compression. what would your findings be? |
|
Definition
sensory loss over your anterior thigh
weak quads
reduce knee reflex
positive femoral stretch
if lesion was in L4 root sensory loss would be over anterior aspect of the knee whilst all else remained same. |
|
|
Term
| we know the lesion is in L5 if knee and ankle reflexes in tact but what may be lost in L5 lesion? |
|
Definition
loss of foot dorsiflexion
sensory loss in dorsum of foot |
|
|
Term
| cubital tunnel syndrome is due to compression of which nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in intracapsular fracturs the rx of choice is a THR but what if mobility is an issue what is the rx of choice? |
|
Definition
| hemiarthroplasty with cement fixation |
|
|
Term
| when can someone with gout start prophylactic allopurinol rx. I don't mean like how long after an acute event I mean how many attacks do they need to have before you put them on LT prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| women has lateral epicondylitis. pain is cause during which 2 movements? |
|
Definition
| resisting wrist flexion and trying to supinate arm with elbow extended. |
|
|
Term
| isolated raised ALK Phos with calcium and phosphate normal in an old man with joint pain like to be? |
|
Definition
Pagets disease.
rx: bisphosphonates |
|
|
Term
| active and passive movement of shoulder affected. external rotation affected more than abduction. what diagnosis is you thinking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in reactive arthritis due to chlamydia or GI infection you can get a yellow waxy rash on the soles of your feet. what is this called? |
|
Definition
| keratoderma blenorrhagica |
|
|
Term
| cant see pee or climb a tree refers to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if pts suffer considerable SE from alendronate what should they be swapped to? |
|
Definition
| risedronate or etidronate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury to the end of the thumb. this causes it to bend towards the palm. |
|
|
Term
| what does a positive Simmonds sign diagnose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
name the neuroma that commonly affects the intermetatarsal plantar nerve. most commonly in the third inter-metatarsophalangeal space
it may be decribed as shooting or burning pain when walking. |
|
Definition
|
|
