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Ms. Hoff exam 4 test
chapter 13
49
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/01/2010

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Term
Personality
Definition
Unique and stable ways in which a people think, feel, and behave
Term
Freud's Psychodynamic Perspective
Definition
conscious, preconscious, & unconscious mind, id, ego, & super ego
Term
role of conscious
Definition
contact with outside world
Term
preconscious
Definition
material just beneath the surface of awareness
Term
unconscious mind
Definition
difficult to retrieve material, well below surface of awareness
Term
role of id
Definition
part of personality present at birth, completely unconscious
Term
ego
Definition
part of personality, develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical
Term
super ego
Definition
part of personality, acts as a moral center
Term
Pleasure principle
Definition
the id function, needs of immediate satisfaction without regard consequences
Term
Reality principle
Definition
the ego function, the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that won’t lead to negative consequences.
Term
Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development
Definition
Genital stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency stage, Oral stage
Term
Oral stage
Definition
first stage, first year of life, mouth is erogenous zone and weaning is primary conflict
Term
Anal stage
Definition
second stage, occurs about 1-3 years of age, anus is erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict.
Term
Phallic stage
Definition
third stage, occurs about 3-6 years of age, the child discovers sexual feelings
Term
Latency stage
Definition
fourth stage, (6 years to puberty) occurs during school years, sexual feelings of child are repressed while child develops in other ways
Term
Genital stage
Definition
puberty to death, sexual feelings cannot be ignored, bodies changing, puberty hair
Term
Fixation
Definition
disorder, conflicts that are not fully resolved, getting stuck (child may grow into adult but will still carry emotional and psychological baggage from earlier fixated stage
Term
Castration anxiety
Definition
Freud believed when boys realized that the little girl down the street had no penis, they developed a fear of losing the penis
Term
Penis envy
Definition
girls developed this thought because they were missing a penis
Term
Oedipus complex
Definition
occurs in phallic stage, child develops sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent.
Term
Carl Jung
Definition
theory of anima, animus, collective unconscious
Term
Alfred Adler
Definition
theory of birth order’s effect on personality
Term
Karen Horney
Definition
her theory of development of neurotic personalities and “womb envy”
Term
Anima
Definition
feminine side of a man
Term
Animus
Definition
masculine side of a woman
Term
Collective unconscious
Definition
memories shared by all members of the human species
Term
theory of birth order’s effect on personality
Definition
first born children that have younger siblings feel inferior once the younger get all the attention. Middle children have slightly easier, competitive. Younger children are supposedly pampered and protected, but feel inferior because not allowed the freedom and responsibility of older children.
Term
development of neurotic personalities
Definition
some children try to deal with their anxiety by moving toward people, becoming dependant and clingy. Others move against people, becoming aggressive, demanding, and cruel. Third way would be moving away from people by withdrawing from personal relationships.
Term
Habits
Definition
sets of well learned responses that have become automatic
Term
Albert Bandura’s: environment
Definition
physical surrounding
Term
Albert Bandura’s:
Behavior
Definition
talking, telling jokes which will continue if gets reaction the person expected.
Term
Albert Bandura’s:
Personal or cognitive factors
Definition
less likely to behave the same way in the future because expectation for reward is different.
Term
Self-efficacy
Albert Bandura’s:
Definition
person expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance. (low self-efficacy people avoid challenges)
Term
Humanistic View of Personality is by?
Definition
Carl Roger
Term
Self-concept
Definition
image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one’s life.
Term
Real self
Definition
perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities
Term
Ideal self
Definition
one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be
Term
Unconditional positive regard
Definition
positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached.
Term
Conditional positive regard
Definition
positive regard given only person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish.
Term
surface traits
Definition
aspects of personality that can be easily be seen by other people in outward actions of a person.
Term
Source traits
Definition
the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming core of personality
Term
OCEAN
Definition
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Term
Openness
Definition
willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
Term
Conscientiousness
Definition
the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others, dependability.
Term
Extraversion
Definition
dimension of personality referring to one’s need to be with other people
Term
Extraverts
Definition
people who are outgoing and sociable
Term
Introverts
Definition
people who prefer solitude and dislike being center of attention
Term
Agreeableness
Definition
emotional style of a person, may range from easygoing, friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant
Term
Neuroticism
Definition
degree of emotional instability of stability
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