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MSE terms
Materials Engineering
38
Science
11th Grade
02/22/2017

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Term
Fatigue
Definition
Perm damage, most common, from too much of a load.
Term
Creep
Definition
Response to applied load at high temperature (elevated temp for a long period of time).
Term
Strength-yield
Definition
Max load something can be given w/o perm damage. Varies due to compression.
Term
Ductility
Definition
How much energy can be absorbed prior to failure. Opposition is brittle
Term
Stiffness
Definition
Does the material give w/o changing shape
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
is the given desire to gain or lose an electron
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
Ceramics, Carbon, Semiconductors. Electrons are not free to move, so covalent bonds do not conduct heat or electricity well. Bond strength is directional.
Term
Solid solution stengthening
Definition
when a material is combined with another they become stronger
Term
Mechanical properties
Definition
properties dictated by composition and microstructure
Term
Burgers vector
Definition
the direction and distance of movement of a dislocation
Term
Toughness
Definition
The total area under the curve, which measures the energy absorbed by the specimen in the process of breaking
Term
Hardness
Definition
Resistance to penetration
Term
Modulus of elasticity
Definition
the initial slope of the curve, related direclty to the strength of the atomic bonds.
Term
Composite Materials
Definition
Formed mechanically, from two or more materials, producing unique properties that are not attainable from one group alone.
Term
Semiconductors
Definition
Silicon
Germanium
Gallium Arsenide
CdTe, HgCdTe, GaAlAs
Term
Amorphous
Definition
glassy, short range order only, atoms arranged randomlu (not the same)
Term
Crystalline
Definition
regular atomic order, atoms arranged orderly (the same)
Term
Smaller grains (metals)
Definition
Will be stronger the larger grains
Term
When deform a metal
Definition
the crystal is distorted and damaged. This makes the metal stronger.
Term
Allotropy
Definition
pure element with more than one crystal structure
Term
Polymorphism
Definition
compound with more than one crystal structure
Term
FCC metals are more ductile than BCC metals which are more ductile than HCP metals
Definition
Term
In metals, permanent deformation occurs along closest-packed directions
Definition
Term
Isotropic
Definition
properties are the same in all directions
Term
Anisotropic
Definition
properties vary with crystallographic directions
Term
A lattice
Definition
is an arrangement of points that are surrounded by “identical” neighboring points.
Term
A unit cell
Definition
is the smallest collection of atoms with the complete symmetry of the crystal. The unit cell will repeat in 3D to build a macroscopic material.
Term
Short range order (solids)
Definition
nearest neighbor ordering only (amorphous solids)
Term
Long range order
Definition
ordered arrangement throughout the crystal (crystalline solids)
Term
Point defects
Definition
Vacancies, substitutional or interstitial atoms
Term
linear defect
Definition
dislocations, extra half plane of atom
Term
slip
Definition
movement of a dislocation
Term
dislocation
Definition
a line imperfection
Term
planar defects
Definition
grain boundaries
Term
electronegativity
Definition
the desire of an atom to gain or lose an electron
Term
ionic bond
Definition
some atoms have low and high electronegativity, transfers electrons
Term
metallic bond
Definition
low electronegativity, share atoms amongst all the atoms
Term
covalent bond
Definition
high electronegativity, share atoms between individual pairs of atoms
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