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Definition
| generated by moving electrically charged particles |
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Definition
| the phenomenon by which materials asset an attractive or repulsive force or influences on other material |
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| represents the magnitude of the internal field strength within a substance that us subjected ti an H field. |
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Definition
| weber per square meter (w/m^2) |
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Definition
| the externally applied magnetic field (H) |
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Definition
| a property of the specific medium through which H fields partes and in which B is measured |
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Definition
| measures the response of electrons to a magnetic field |
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| temperature above which a ferromagnet becomes a paramagnet |
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Definition
| temperature above which antiferromagnet becomes a paramagnet |
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Definition
| the proportionality constant between magnetization M and magnetic Field Strength M. |
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Term
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Definition
| total magnetic moment per unit volume of material. A measure of the contribution to the magnetic flux by some material within an H field. |
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Definition
| The most fundamental magnetic moment which is of magnitude of 9.27x10^-24 A.m^2 |
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Definition
| is a very weak form of magnetism that is nonpermanent and persists only while an external field is being applied |
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Definition
| A relatively weak form of magnetism that results from the independent alignment of atomic dipoles with an magnetic field. Results when the atomic dipoles that are free to rotate preferentially align,by rotation with an external field. |
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Definition
| permanent magnetic moment in the absence of an external field, and manifest very large and permanent magnetization. |
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| the maximum possible magnetization |
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Definition
| the alignment of the spin moments of neighboring atoms or ions in exactly opposite directions |
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| ceramics that exhibit permanent magnetization. |
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| temparature where in saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero |
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Term
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Definition
| small-volume regions in which there is mutual alignment in the same direction of all magnetic dipole moments |
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Term
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Definition
| effect produced in which the magnetic induction field lags begin the applied H field or decreases at a lower rate |
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Term
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Definition
| the material remains magnetized in the absence of an external H field |
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Term
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Definition
| The applied magnetic field necessary to reduce to zero the magnetic flux density of a magnetized ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material |
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Definition
| small are of loop (hysterisis); are used in devices that are subjected to alternating magnetic fields and in which energy must be low |
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Term
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Definition
| elecrtical currents that are induced in a magnetic material by a magnetic field that varies in magnitude and direction with time |
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Definition
| large area of hysterisis; used in permanent magnets have a high resistance to demagnetization |
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Definition
| temparature at which material attain superconductivity |
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Definition
| a phenomenon where in an applied magnetic field will be excluded from the body of material |
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| material that stores energy |
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Definition
| magnitude of charge stored or either plate divided by the applied voltage` |
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| electrically insulating,exhibit electric dipole structure |
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Definition
| ratio of the permittivity of a medium to that of a vacuum. |
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| magnitude of charge per unit area of capacitor plate |
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Definition
| magnitude of an electric field necessary to cause significant current passage through a dielectric material (breakdown). |
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Definition
| process of dipole alignment |
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Definition
| result from the distortion of an atomic electron cloud by an electric field |
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Definition
| result from the relative displacement of elecrically charged ions in response to an electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| found only in substance posses permanent dipole moment which results a rotation of the permanent moment into direction of applied field. |
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Definition
| reciprocal of minimum reorientation time for realignment of dipoles when e- field is reversed |
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Definition
| absorption of e- energy by a dielectric material subjected to an alternative current e- field (microwave) |
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Definition
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Definition
| dielectric material that exhibit spotaneous polarization in the absence of electric field |
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Definition
| press electricity polarization is induced and electric field is established across a specimen by the application of external forces |
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Definition
| quantity of charge stored on either plate |
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| the process of dipole alignment. The increase in charge density above that for a vacuum because of the presence of the dielectric |
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Definition
| it results from displacement of the center of the negative by charged electron cloud relative to the positive nucleus of an atom by electric field |
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Definition
| occurs only in material that are ionic. An applied field acts to displace cations in are direction and anions in the opposite direction,which gives rise to the net dipole moment |
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Term
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Definition
| is found only in substances that possess permanent dipole moments |
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Definition
| the absorption of electrical energy by a dielectric material that is subjected to alternating field |
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Definition
| represents the magnitude of an electric field necessary to produce breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous polarization-that is polarization in the absence of an electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure electricity,polarization is induced and an electric field is established across a specimen by the application of external forces. |
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Definition
| devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical strains and vice versa |
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Definition
| are those in which the electrical behavior is based on the electronics structure inherent in the pure material |
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Term
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Definition
| the electrical characteristics are dictated by impurity atoms |
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Definition
| donates single electron to the conduction band |
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| n-type extrinsic semiconductor |
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Definition
| the number of electrons in the conduction band far exceeds the number of those in the valence band |
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Definition
| capable of accepting an electron from the valence band, leaving behind a hole |
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Definition
| holes are present in much higher concentrations than electrons |
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| intrinsic temperature region |
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Definition
| region where electron concentration increases above P content an aymptotitacally approaches the intrinsic curve as temperature increases |
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Term
| charge carrier's mobilities |
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Definition
| the ease with which electrons and holes are transported through the crystal |
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Definition
| is a result of the phenomenon where by a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the direction of motion of a charged particle exerts a force on the particle perpendicular to both magnetic field and the particle motion directions |
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Definition
| an electronic device that allows the current to flow in one direction |
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Definition
| is constructed from a single piece of semiconductor that is doped so as to be n-type on one side and p-type on the other |
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Term
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Definition
| the positive terminal may be connected to the p-side and the negative terminal to the n-side. The holes on the p-side and the electrons on the n-side are attracted to the junction |
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Term
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Definition
| the negative terminal is connected to the p-side and the positive terminal is connected to the n-side. Both holes and electrons are rapidly drawn away from the junction. |
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Definition
| a phenomenon where in very abrupt increase in current occurr |
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Definition
| serve as switching devices in computers for the processing and storage information |
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| a rapidly evolving information storage technology that uses semiconductor devices |
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Definition
| polymers that have electrical conductivities on part with metallic conductors |
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Definition
| one that B electrically insulating and exhibits or may be to exhibit an electric dipole structure |
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Term
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Definition
| separation of positive and negative electrically charged entities on a molecular or atomic level |
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Definition
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Definition
| device that convert electrical energy to mechanical strains |
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Definition
| materials are titanates of barium and lead zirconate (Pb2O3) quartz |
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Definition
| for amplification of electrical signals |
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Definition
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Definition
| proportionality constant between the electric displacement and the elctric field |
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Definition
| relates the current I or time rate of charge passage to the applied voltage |
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Term
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Definition
| used to specify the electrical character of a material |
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Term
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Definition
| the current per unit area |
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Term
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Definition
| the voltage difference between two points divided by the distance separating them |
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Definition
| are good conductors typically having conductivities on the order of 10^7 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with very low conductivities, ranging between 10^-10 and 10^-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with intermediate conductivities,generally from 10^-6 to 10^4 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the motion of electrically charged paricles in repsonse to focus that act on them from an externally applied electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| relates the current I or time rate of charge passage to the applied voltage |
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Term
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Definition
| used to specify the electrical character of a material |
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Term
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Definition
| the current per unit area |
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Term
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Definition
| the voltage difference between two points divided by the distance separating them |
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Term
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Definition
| are good conductors typically having conductivities on the order of 10^7 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with very low conductivities, ranging between 10^-10 and 10^-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with intermediate conductivities,generally from 10^-6 to 10^4 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the motion of electrically charged paricles in repsonse to focus that act on them from an externally applied electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| relates the current I or time rate of charge passage to the applied voltage |
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Term
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Definition
| used to specify the electrical character of a material |
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Term
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Definition
| the current per unit area |
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Term
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Definition
| the voltage difference between two points divided by the distance separating them |
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Term
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Definition
| are good conductors typically having conductivities on the order of 10^7 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with very low conductivities, ranging between 10^-10 and 10^-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with intermediate conductivities,generally from 10^-6 to 10^4 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the motion of electrically charged paricles in repsonse to focus that act on them from an externally applied electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| relates the current I or time rate of charge passage to the applied voltage |
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Term
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Definition
| used to specify the electrical character of a material |
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Term
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Definition
| the current per unit area |
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Term
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Definition
| the voltage difference between two points divided by the distance separating them |
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Term
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Definition
| are good conductors typically having conductivities on the order of 10^7 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with very low conductivities, ranging between 10^-10 and 10^-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with intermediate conductivities,generally from 10^-6 to 10^4 (ohmmeter)^-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the motion of electrically charged paricles in repsonse to focus that act on them from an externally applied electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| current arises from the flow of electrons within solid materials |
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Term
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Definition
| net motion of charged ions produces a current |
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Term
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Definition
| this is formed when each atomic state split into a series of closely spaced electron states in the solid |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy corresponding to the highes filled state at 0K |
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Definition
| conduction electrons are those that have been excited to states within this band |
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Term
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Definition
| for semiconductors and insulators, the energies that lie between the valence and conductions bands; for intrinsic materials, electrons are forbidden to have energies within this range. |
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Term
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Definition
| a vacant electron statein the valance band that behaves as a positive charge carrier in an electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons with energies greater than Fermi energy accelerate in the presence of electric field that participate in the conduction process |
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Term
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Definition
| is manifested as a resistance to the passage of an electric current |
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Definition
| the average electron velocity in the direction of the force imposed ny applied field |
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Definition
| an indication of the frequency of scattering events |
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Term
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Definition
| the total resistivity of a metal is the sum of the contributions from thermal vibrations,impurities and plastic deformation, that is the scattering mechanism act independently of one another |
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Term
| electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| considered to be wavelike consisting of electric and magnetic field components that are perpendicular to each other and also to the direction of propagation |
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Definition
| groups or packets of energy |
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Definition
| corresoponds to the energy being transmitted per unit of time across a unit area that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation |
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Definition
| materials that are capable of transmitting light with relatively little absorption and reflection |
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Definition
| materials are those through which light is transmitted diffusely; that is; light is scattered within the interior, to the degree that objects are not clearly distinguishable when viewed through a specimen of the material |
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Definition
| light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation |
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Definition
| attendant increase in conductivity, photon-induced electron transitions in which light is absorbed |
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| the device that produces electroluminiscence |
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