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Ms. Belcoure's Final
General High School Level
176
Chemistry
11th Grade
05/31/2010

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Cards

Term
Name the subatomic particle with a positive charge.
Definition
proton
Term
How many significant figures are there in 0.732 m.
Definition
3
Term
Define matter
Definition
Something with both mass and volume
Term
Is soil a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?
Definition
heterogeneous
Term
How are mixtures separated?
Definition
By using physical properties
Term
What physical property is being taken advantage of in the distillation process?
Definition
boiling point
Term
What does the arrow in a chemical reaction signify?
Definition
the direction the reaction is going in
Term
What is a qualitative observation?
Definition
An observation without numbers.
Term
What is a quantitative observation?
Definition
An observation with numbers. A measurement.
Term
What is an accurate measurement?
Definition
A measurement that comes close to the true value.
Term
What is a precise measurement?
Definition
A measurement that comes close to several previous measurements.
Term
Can a measurement be precise but not accurate?
Definition
Yes
Term
When using scientific notation the exponent indicates how many times the coefficient must be multiplied by 10. Which way does the decimal point move if the exponent is negative?
Definition
To the left.
Term
Which way will you move the decimal if the exponent is positive?
Definition
To the right.
Term
What are included as significant figures when doing a scientific measurement?
Definition
All the digits that are known precisely (There are usually lines for these.) plus one last digit that is estimated.
Term
How many significant figures are there in 7004 m.
Definition
4
Term
How many significant figures are there in 0.0056 m.
Definition
2
Term
How many significant figures are there in 700 m.
Definition
One, unless the zeros are measured values.
Term
How many nanometers are in a meter?
Definition
1,000,000,000
Term
Express the following answer in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures. 7.8g + 34.15g + 19g =
Definition
6.1 x 10^1 g
Term
Define density.
Definition
Mass divided by Volume
Term
A 35.0 mL metal cube weighed 242.455g. What is its density? Answer with the correct number of significant figures.
Definition
6.93 mL/g
Term
A substance is described as hard, is that a qualitative or quantitative description?
Definition
Qualitative
Term
Each element on the periodic table has two numbers. What is the smaller number called?
Definition
Atomic Number
Term
Each element on the periodic table has two numbers. What is the larger number called?
Definition
Mass Number
Term
What does the Atomic Number tell us about subatomic particles?
Definition
The number of protons equals the atomic number.
Term
How would you calculate the number of neutrons from the periodic table?
Definition
Mass Number - Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons
Term
How much do electrons affect the Mass Number?
Definition
They don't, their mass is negligible.
Term
When is an atom an isotope?
Definition
Elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Term
What is the atomic number of radium?
Definition
88
Term
What is the mass number of radium-226?
Definition
226
Term
Determine the number of neutrons in radium-226.
Definition
138 neutrons (Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.)
Term
What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
Definition
periods
Term
How many valence electrons does a helium atom have?
Definition
2
Term
Are these the questions that make up Ms. Belcoure's final?
Definition
No, but this is the content you need to know for that final.
Term
What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
Definition
groups or families
Term
Are most elements metals or non-metals?
Definition
metals
Term
Which blocks make-up the representative elements?
Definition
s and p
Term
What makes the electron configurations unique in the representative elements?
Definition
the outermost s and p sublevels are partially filled
Term
As we move across a period in the periodic table what subatomic particle is added?
Definition
proton
Term
As we move across the periodic table one proton is added to each element. What other subatomic element must be added if the atom is to remain neutral?
Definition
electron
Term
What is added as we move down a group?
Definition
energy level
Term

Nitrogen's electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p3. How many electrons are in the outermost sublevel of Phosphorus?

(CLUE: Not energy level, sublevel.)

Definition
3
Term
Which is a transition metal? sodium, iodine, nickel or uranium(Know why, these aren't the ones on the test.)
Definition
nickel
Term
Which is an inner transition metal? sodium, iodine, nickel or uranium(Know why, these aren't the ones on the test.)
Definition
uranium
Term
Of the three subatomic particles, the electron plays the greatest part in determining the physical and chemical properties of an element. What sublevel is being filled as we move, left to right, along the transition metals.
Definition
d
Term
The arrangement of elements in the periodic table depends on physical and chemical properties. Therefore, there is a relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its position on the table. What sublevel is being filled as we move, left to right, along the inner transition metals.
Definition
f
Term
Atomic radius increases as we move down a group. Why?
Definition
Another energy level is filled which increases the size of the electron cloud.
Term
State the main premise of the law of conservation of mass.
Definition
matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
Term
What subatomic particle is lost to form a cation?
Definition
electron
Term
What force holds electrons to the atom?
Definition
positive protons, electromagnetic
Term
Which has the largest radius, neutral calcium or its ion? (Know why, this isn't the one on the test?)
Definition
neutral calcium
Term
Metals are on which side of the stair-cased line?
Definition
left
Term
What is electronegativity?
Definition
an atom’s ability to attract electrons
Term
Which element has the highest electronegativity? Fe, Cl, B, Cs (Know why, these are not the one's on the test.)
Definition
Cl
Term
Which element would you expect to have the properties most like carbon? (Again, know why.)
Definition
silicon
Term
What is most of the volume in any atom?
Definition
empty space
Term
A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge, is called a(n)…
Definition
neutron
Term
What is the nucleus, except a common isotope of hydrogen, made up of?
Definition
tightly packed protons and neutrons
Term
An isotope of titanium consists of 22 protons, 22 electrons, and 25 neutrons. What is its mass number?
Definition
47 (Again, the element on the test is not this one.)
Term
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different...
Definition
number of neutrons
Term
Write the Lewis dot structure for potassium.
Definition
there should be one dot (Be sure you can do all the representative elements)
Term
What is the name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom?
Definition
valence electrons
Term
How are the noble gasses unique?
Definition
the outermost s and p sublevels are completely filled
Term
The octet rule means atoms react to imitate __________.
Definition
the electron configuration of a noble gas
Term
How does lithium obey the octet rule when reacting to form an ionic compound?
Definition
it loses one electron
Term
What is calcium's oxidation number?
Definition
+2
Term
What ion does oxygen become when reacting with a metal?
Definition
anion, -2
Term
Which kind of ion does neon become when reacting with a metal?
Definition
Trick Question, none of the noble gasses form ions
Term
How many electrons must nitrogen gain to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?
Definition
3
Term
How many electrons must barium give up to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?
Definition
2
Term
What is bromine's oxidation number?
Definition
-1
Term
Will carbon and oxygen form an ionic compound?
Definition
no
Term
Will lithium and oxygen form an ionic compound?
Definition
yes
Term
What is a polyatomic ion?
Definition
two or more atoms, covalently bonded with a charge
Term
What is a salt?
Definition
an ionic compound
Term
What type of bond shares electrons?
Definition
covalent
Term
What type of bond is formed between anions and cations?
Definition
ionic
Term
What state are ionic compounds usually in at room temperature?
Definition
solid
Term
Melting points are good indicators of bond strength. The higher the melting point of a compound the stronger the bond. The melting point of sodium chloride is relatively _____________.
Definition
high
Term
An element’s chemical properties are determined by __________________.
Definition
valence
Term
Which is the most reactive? Li, B, C, Ne
Definition
Li
Term
What is the mass of aluminum-27 isotope?
Definition
27
Term
Which electron configuration belongs to the element that is the most chemically reactive? 1s22s22p63s23p6, 1s22s22p5, 1s22s22p6, 1s2
Definition
1s22s22p5
Term
Which group of elements is inert?
Definition
noble gasses
Term
What will cause the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p4 to have an octet configuration?
Definition
gain 2 electrons
Term
Which of the following is NOT matter? atoms, ultraviolet radiation, air, the Sun
Definition
ultrviolet radiation
Term
What element has 5 protons and 6 neutrons?
Definition
boron
Term
What is the branch of chemistry that focuses on carbon-containing chemicals called?
Definition
organic chemistry
Term
What neutral atom has 88 electrons?
Definition
radium
Term
Which is poured first when preparing an acid solution, acid or water?
Definition
water,add acid to water slowly
Term
What element has an atomic number of 78?
Definition
platinum
Term
How many significant figures are in the value 213 000 m/s
Definition
3
Term
If you need to write 215 000 g in scientific notation, how many significant figures should be included.
Definition
It has three significant figures
Term
Write 319 000 000 in scientific notation.
Definition
3.19 x 10^8
Term
Round 12.655 cm to four significant figures.
Definition
12.66 cm
Term
Which is a compound salt, air, or nickel?
Definition
salt
Term
How many electrons does Osmium-190 have?
Definition
76
Term
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture, silicon, air, nickel?
Definition
air
Term
How do you know a reaction is exothermic?
Definition
it releases energy, usually in the form of heat
Term
Which of the following is an element salt, brass aluminum?
Definition
aluminum
Term
Elements of the same group have the same number of ______________?
Definition
valence electrons
Term

Most of the elements in groups 6A-8A are classified as ______________.

 

Clue:noble gases are 8A, halogens are 7A

Definition
nonmetals
Term
Is RbI ionic?
Definition
yes
Term
Identify the period and group of the element that has the electron configuration [Ne]3s2 3p3.
Definition
period 3, group 5A
Term
An element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s2 will ionize to a(n)...
Definition
cation
Term
Is the following electron configuration stable or unstable, [Ar}4s^2 3d^10 4p^5
Definition
unstable
Term
Is the following electron configuration a metal or a non-metal, [Ar}4s2 3d10 4p5
Definition
non-metal
Term
What is the electron configuration for the element in group 4A and period 4 of the periodic table?
Definition
[Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^2
Term
What should you use to measure volume?
Definition
a graduated cylinder, or you could use a ruler and calculate the volume
Term
The trend in the atomic radii as you move doewn the group 1A elements is partially due to ____________.
Definition
shielding by inner electrons
Term
Which is larger, Br or Br-.
Definition
Br-
Term
What units are used to express volume?
Definition
liters, milliliters or cm^3
Term
How many electrons does an atom generally need in its outer level to be the most stable?
Definition
8
Term
An element with the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 will ionize to a(n)…
Definition
cation
Term
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because...
Definition
they have the same number of valence electrons.
Term
What electrons are involved in the formation of a covalent bond?
Definition
shared valence electrons
Term
Describe the relationship between boron and silicon.
Definition
They have a diagonal relationship.
Term
What is the value of all conversion factors?
Definition
1
Term
Name three elements found most frequently in living organisms?
Definition
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
Term
How many moles are 1.2 x 1024 molecules of CH4?
Definition
2.0 moles CH4
Term
Is the following electron configuration a nobel gas, ns^2 np^6? (where n equals one through seven)
Definition
yes
Term
How many formula units are in 2.3 moles of NaCl?
Definition
1.4 x 10^24 formula units NaCl
Term
How many outer d electrons are there in an ion that has achieved a pseudo-noble gas configuration?
Definition
ten
Term
In a chemical equation where are catalysts written?
Definition
above the arrow
Term
What is the formula of calcium phosphate?
Definition
Ca3(PO4)2
(note: subscripts are not an option here.)
Term
What are the diatomic seven?
Definition
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, florine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
Term
How many electrons are shared in a double bond?
Definition
four
Term
When balancing a chemical reaction there is only one type of number that can be changed. What do we call them?
Definition
coefficients
Term
A mole of potassium chloride (KCl) contains 6.02 x 1023 ____________.
Definition
formula units
Term
The SI unit of molar mass is the ______.
Definition
grams/mole
Term
How many moles of oxygen atoms do 1.5 moles of CO2 contain?
Definition
3.0 mol
Term
Which has the smallest molar mass: CO, CO2, H2O, H2O2 ?
Definition
H2O
Term
One mole of silicon(Si) has a mass of 28.086 g, and one mole of carbon has a mass of 12.011 g. What is the mass of one mole of silicon carbide (SiC)?
Definition
40.097g
Term
The correct Lewis structure for a molecule of the compound C2H2 contains how many double bonds?
Definition
1
Term
Methane (CH4) contains 75% carbon. What percentage of methane is hydrogen?
Definition
25%
Term
Write the chemical formula for sodium bromide dihydrate.
Definition
NaBr*2H2O
Term
Is bromine stable or unstable?
Definition
stable, because it is neutral
Term
What are units of concentration?
Definition
moles
Term
Stoichiometry is bases on what law?
Definition
conservation of mass
Term
What is molar mass?
Definition
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a compound
Term
Where do you look to find mole ratios for a reaction?
Definition
balanced chemical reaction
Term
In the decomposition reaction AB into substances A and B, what is the number of mole ratios?
Definition
6
Term
1.73 moles of an Ideal Gas has a pressure of 365.38 torr, at 272.6 Kelvin. Using the constant 62.36 L(torr/mol K), what is its volume?
Definition
80.5L
Term
What will an acid produce in water?
Definition
H+ or H3O+, hydronium ions
Term
Find the mass in grams of 2.23 x 1024 atoms of nitrogen.
Definition
51.8 g N
Term
Is bromine and metal or nonmetal?
Definition
nonmetal
Term
What is the most important industrial chemical in the world?
Definition
H2SO4, sufuric acid
Term
List the 3 most studied types of radiation from most massive to least massive.
Definition
alpha, beta, gamma
Term
What is the majority of an atom's volume occupied by?
Definition
nothing, empty space
Term
Define exothermic reactions.
Definition
Exothermic reactions release energy into the environment.
Term
In a fusion reaction would you expect the product(s) to have more or less mass than the reactant(s)?
Definition
more
Term
Write the name for Ca(OH)2?
Definition
calcium hydroxide
Term
In a fission reaction would you expect the product(s) to have more or less mass than the reactant(s)?
Definition
less
Term
What is the electron configuration of the element in group 4A and period 4 of the periodic table?
Definition
[Ar]4s23d104p2
Term
What type of radioactive decay is not a particle?
Definition
gamma
Term
Which family of elements are inert?
Definition
noble gases
Term
Are half lives the same for different isotopes?
Definition
No, different isotopes have different half lives.
Term
What element is [Ar]4s23d104p5 ?
Definition
Br
Term
What happens to the size of atoms as you go down a group?
Definition
The size increases
Term
What is the product when magnesium is burned in oxygen?
Definition
MgO
Term
What would be the correct coefficients in the chemical equation of Mg reacting with oxygen?
Definition
2,1,2
Term
What will a base produce in water?
Definition
OH-, hydroxide ions
Term
Give two reasons the size of an atom increases as you move down a group.
Definition

1. Each has a new principal energy level.

2. shielding by inner electrons

Term
Name 2 things that are not matter?
Definition
energy, forces, light, emotions
Term
Is air matter? Why?
Definition
Yes, because it has volume and mass.
Term
Is H2CO3 an acid or a base? Why?
Definition
acid: because it will donate a proton
Term
Why do chemists do titrations?
Definition
to determine the concentration of an unknown
Term
What is potassiums oxidation number?
Definition
1+
Term
Is NaF ionic or covalent?
Definition
ionic
Term

Which is most stable:

[Ne]3s23p5

[Ne]3s23p64s23d5

[He]2s22p3

[Ne]3s23p6

Definition
[Ne]3s23p6
Term
Is SO2 ionic or covalent?
Definition
covalent
Term
How does a covalent bond differ from an ionic bond?
Definition
Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons. Covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons.
Term
Elements in the same group have the same number of ________________.
Definition
valence electrons
Term
Are groups 6A through 8A be in the metals or nonmetals side of the periodic table?
Definition
non-metals
Term
Identify the period and group of the element that has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p3.
Definition
period 3, group 5A
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