Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is acute pyelonephritis caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is chronic pyelonephritis caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for pyelonephritis caused by blood borne organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bacteria are the majority of UTIs caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast medium inserted into bladder and x-rays taken while voiding |
|
Definition
| Voiding cystourethography |
|
|
Term
| Dye is injected into veins and cleared by kidneys. Obstructions are identified. Xray of urinary tract as dye clears. |
|
Definition
| IVP Intraveneous pyelogram |
|
|
Term
| Scope in bladder - Same day surgery - Conscious sedation or general anesthesia used. Can biopsy tissue as well as visualize. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which diagnostic test for urinary tract problems is most likely to cause a systemic reaction? |
|
Definition
| Intraveneous pyelogram (IVP) |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal side effect of a cystoscopy? (used for porstate issues, calculi & tumors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased Creatinine & BUN indicate what? |
|
Definition
| Acute Renal Failure (ARF) |
|
|
Term
| What question must you ask a patient going for an IVP? |
|
Definition
| Are you allergic to shellfish or Iodine? |
|
|
Term
| What side effects of IVP dye are patients likely to experience? |
|
Definition
Flush sensation
Sudden onset of nausea
Metallic taste
Urge to void |
|
|
Term
| What must be checked frequently after an IVP regardless of allergic rxn? Why? |
|
Definition
I&O
The dye is nephrotoxic |
|
|
Term
| Cheapest, most effect abx for UTI. Need to increase fluids and limit sun exposure. |
|
Definition
| Sulfonamides (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazone (TMP-SMZ)) Bactrim, Septra, Gantrisin |
|
|
Term
| Long-term UTI treatment for people that can't tolerate other abx. High bladder level, but low serum blood level & turns urine brown. Both for Tx and prophylaxis. |
|
Definition
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, NegGram).
Urinary anti-infective (not abx) |
|
|
Term
Which drug is this nursing teaching appropriate for?Take w/meals
Avoid milk (interfered with drug absorption)
Oral suspension stains teeth - rinse mouth c medication
1500-2000 cc intake
Void 1500 cc in 24 hr period. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinary analgesic that stains urine red-orange. Can only use for first 24-48 hours. Symptomatic relief of pain, burning frequency and urgency (may stop people from seeking Tx when they need it) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sign of Pyridium toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ is Pyridium metabolized by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Normal - 1500-2000 I&O
UTI - 2500-3000 I&O |
|
|
Term
| Rn teaching r/t UTI prevention |
|
Definition
Void before & after sex
Keep urine acidic w/Cran juice & Vit C
Good hygiene
Void 2-4 hrs.
Drink 8-10 glasses fluids a day
Cotton underwear
Avoid bubble baths
Teach signs & symptoms of UTIsW |
|
|
Term
| What structural change occurs in the ureter when calculi are present? |
|
Definition
| Dilation (attempts to get around stone) |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common types of renal calculi? |
|
Definition
| Calcium phosphate & Oxalate |
|
|
Term
| When do renal calculi cause stones? |
|
Definition
| When they cause an obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ureteral anti-spasmodics (3) |
|
Definition
Ditropan
Pro-Banthine
Atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allopurinal
Sodium bicarbonate
Potassium citrate |
|
|
Term
| Prevention of future renal calculi Rx |
|
Definition
| Thiazide Diuretic (Dec. Ca++ in urine) |
|
|
Term
| Nuts, beer, colas, asparagus, fruits, green beans, tomatoes and tea should be avoided with which condition? |
|
Definition
| Oxalate calculi (contain oxalate) |
|
|
Term
| Beans, lentils, chocolate, cocoa, milk, flour and dried fruits should be avoided in what condition? |
|
Definition
| Calcium based renal calculi |
|
|
Term
| Organ meats, sardines, herring, venison, goose, salmon, and acidic foods should be avoided in what condition? |
|
Definition
| Uric acid composed calculi |
|
|
Term
| Green veggies, legumes, milk and rhubarb SHOULD be eaten in what condition? Why? |
|
Definition
Uric acid based stones -
Increase pH |
|
|
Term
| What characteristic should dietary staples have for someone with struvite stones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cheese, eggs, cranberries, plums, grapes, tomatoes, whole grains and prunes should be eaten in what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two Tx options for renal calculi too big to pass. |
|
Definition
Lithotripsy (shock wave)
Nephrolithotomy (putting nephrostomy tube in) |
|
|
Term
| You have an order to flush a nephrostomy tube with 30cc BID. What is your priority action? |
|
Definition
| Clarify the order - the kidneys do not have the space to handle 30cc - 10cc MAX. |
|
|
Term
| Painless hematuria may be a sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intravesical instillation into the bladder is what type of treatment for bladder cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is radiation therapy done for bladder cancer? |
|
Definition
| Pre-surgery or Palliatively |
|
|
Term
| What does the term radical mean in regards to surgery? |
|
Definition
| Taking out more than just the intended organ. |
|
|
Term
| What is required of the patient prior to a cystectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other part of the anatomy is usually made into a synthetic bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a Kock pouch require of a patient? |
|
Definition
| Pt. must In and out cath self q 2-4hrs |
|
|
Term
| What is the downside to an Indiana pouch? |
|
Definition
| Much bowel is needed for synthetic pouch. |
|
|
Term
| What characteristic do you expect to see in the urine of a patient with a synthetic bladder made of ileus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This test evaluated filling patterns of bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What size catheter do we typically use for males and females? |
|
Definition
Males - 16 Fr
Females 14 Fr |
|
|
Term
| Poor contraction of detrusor muscle |
|
Definition
| Functional urinary retention |
|
|
Term
| What are three causes of functional urinary retention? |
|
Definition
Spinal Cord Injury
Drugs
Abd. or pelvic surgery |
|
|
Term
| What drugs cause functional bladder retention? |
|
Definition
Anticholinergics eg
Atropine, Robinul, Pro-Banthine, Scopolamine (sleep aids, anti-histamines, allergy/cold meds nonsprescription) |
|
|
Term
| This occurs with 150-300 mL in bladder in normal people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This occurs when the bladder has >400 mL in normal people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bladder filling causes frequent spontaneous detrusor muscle contractions and involuntary bladder emptying |
|
Definition
| Spastic Bladder (neurogenic bladder) |
|
|
Term
| Your patient has a spastic bladder. What drug class do you expect to be prescribed? What side effects will you tell your patient they may experience? |
|
Definition
Anti-cholinergics
Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation |
|
|
Term
| Patient cannot perceive bladder fullness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug class would you expect your patient with a flaccid bladder to be prescribed? |
|
Definition
Cholinergic drugs (Bethanechol)
Anticholinesterases (Neostigmine & Pyridostigmine) |
|
|
Term
| Antidote to cholinergic drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of bladder defect is seen in above S2 SCIs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This bladder defect is seen in S2-4 SCIs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve destruction to detrusor muscle or external sphincter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of catheter has the highest risk of UTI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assessment of Urinary Incontinence acronym DIAPPERS stands for what? |
|
Definition
Delirium/confusional states
Infection
Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis
Pharmaceuticals
Psychologic (esp depression)
Excessive excretion (CHF, hyperglycemia)
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction |
|
|
Term
| What bladder irritants should an RN instruct her incontinent patient to avoid? |
|
Definition
Milk & milk products
Caffeine
Spicy foods
Alcohol
Citrus foods and juices |
|
|
Term
| This condition manifests in men as urinary obstruction (hesitancy, weak stream) and irritation (urgency, nocturia, dysuria) |
|
Definition
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a malignant prostate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This med shrinks the prostate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx Inc. flow of urine in BPH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx BPH to decrease smooth muscle contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surgery to cut into prostate & bladder neck and widen urethra. |
|
Definition
| TUIP (TransUreteral Incision of Prostate) |
|
|
Term
| Surgery where obstructing prostate tissue is removed through urethra. |
|
Definition
| TURP (TransUreteral Resection of Prostate) |
|
|
Term
| What is the major post-op complication of a prostatectomy with a perineal approach? |
|
Definition
| Infection - Stools in incision |
|
|
Term
| These post-op issues: bleeding, clot retention, inability to void and UTIs are associated with what what surgery? |
|
Definition
| TransUrethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) |
|
|
Term
| What problems do men who get a TURP experience weeks later? |
|
Definition
Incontinence
Impotence
Retrograde ejaculation (looks like pyuria) |
|
|
Term
| Do Continuous Bladder Irrigations (CBIs) need to be set up with an infusion pump? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
| No - Irrigation not infusion. |
|
|
Term
| What are the purposes of the three ports in a 3-way foley? |
|
Definition
| Balloon, Urination, Irrigation |
|
|
Term
| Your patient is in a lot of pain after a surgery for BPH and complains that his catheter is too tight and hurts. What is your priority action? |
|
Definition
| Explain to the patient that it can't be relaxed because of the risk of clots forming in the urethra if they get past the foley. Assess the need for pain meds and give as necessary. |
|
|
Term
| How do you keep accurate I&Os on a person receiving a CBI through a foley? |
|
Definition
| Subtract what you put in from what came out. |
|
|
Term
| What supportive devices can you give a patient who has had a perineal prostatectomy? |
|
Definition
| T-Binder or padded scrotal support |
|
|
Term
| When should post-perineal prostatectomy perform perineal sterile NS irrigations? |
|
Definition
| Before and after each bowel movement. |
|
|
Term
| What antigen is used to screen and stage prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal value for PSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the top three treatments for prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
Prostatectomy
Radiation
Hormone manipulation: Androgens (estrogens) |
|
|
Term
| What is the first manifestation of prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| Bone pain in back & joints |
|
|
Term
| What are the late stage symptoms of prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
Bowel & bladder dysfunction
Weight loss & fatigue |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if prostate cancer infiltrates the bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Severe anemia & impaired immune function |
|
|
Term
| Your male client is experiencing urinary incontinence - what do you teach him to prevent this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are acute & chronic pain usually r/t in prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| Metastasis to spinal column |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main causes of impotence r/t prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
Surgery
Hormonal Tx lowers libido
Low self esteem & fears |
|
|
Term
| After age 50, what are the prostate cancer screening recommendations? |
|
Definition
| DRE (digital rectal exam) & PSA testing every year |
|
|
Term
| What endocrine disorder can cause problems with urination? Why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of breast cancer is experienced by males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Constriction of foreskin so it cannot be retracted of glans penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Foreskin is tight & constricted and not able to cover glans penis entirely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a nosocomial cause of paraphimosis? |
|
Definition
| Taking too long to put a catheter in |
|
|
Term
| What Tx may be indicated for paraphimosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involuntary sustained painful erection not associated with sexual arousal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ischemia and fibrosis of erectile tissue with potential impotence may occur with this disorder of the penis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phimosis, HIV, HPV and exposure to UV light are all risk factors for what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three mainstay Txs for penis cancer |
|
Definition
Amputation; partial amputation
Fluorouracil cream
Radiation or laser therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mobile & painless cyst resulting from leakage of sperm due to trauma or infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilation of vein in spermatic cord - no Tx unless fertility is a concern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of epididymus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute testicular inflammation caused by viral infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute testicular inflammation caused by viral infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Testicle is mobile and the spermatic cord twists cutting off blood supply. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may happen if testicular torsion is left untreated? |
|
Definition
| Necrosis, atrophy or abcess |
|
|
Term
| What is the more common form of cancer for younger men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a significant diagnostic finding for testicular ca? |
|
Definition
| Enlargement of one teste without pain |
|
|
Term
| Top 3 Txs for testicular ca |
|
Definition
Surgery - Orchiectomy
Radiation - External beam
Chemo - Bleomycin, etoposide & cisplatin |
|
|
Term
| How often should men perform TSEs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50% of attempts at sexual activity failed is considered clinically relevant for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can patients who have had a penile implant resume sexual activity? |
|
Definition
| After healing (usually 6-8 weeks) |
|
|
Term
| Normal Hgb & Hct for women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hgb is closely related to Hct. What else can an abnormal Hct indicate? |
|
Definition
| Fluid issues: deficiency or excess |
|
|
Term
| Level of Hgb when multi-system symptoms happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of Hgb when the patient has palpitations, SOB & fatigue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron deficiency anemia (malnutrition) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mal-absorption of Vit. B12/pernicious anemia can be due to dietary lack or lack of intrinsic factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Folic acid deficiency anemia - Pregnancy, children, malnutrition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consequences of sickle cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can you give to help patients experiencing a sickle cell crisis? |
|
Definition
| O2, H2O, rest, analgesics |
|
|
Term
| What type of genetic disorder is sickle cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do patients experiences severe thalassemia need? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What electrolyte imbalance do you need to worry about with hemolytic anemias? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme deficiency G6PD is a type of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe burns, transfusion rxns, drugs, toxins and venoms can cause what? |
|
Definition
| Acquired hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Tx acquired hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Blood transfusions, electrolytes, spleenectomy, folate, steroids |
|
|
Term
| Before giving a patient a blood transfusion, what do you need to ask them about pain wise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All blood cell counts are low |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anemia r/t bone marrow depression/failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can suppress bone marrow and therefore cause aplastic anemia? |
|
Definition
| Chemo, viral infections, radiation |
|
|
Term
| What can we do for someone with aplastic anemia? |
|
Definition
| Blood transfusions, bone marrow transplants |
|
|
Term
| Who is a bone marrow transplant harder on, the donor or the receiver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemo agent used to reduce severe sickling in sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal ratio of Hg:Hct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What level of Hg do we normally transfuse people at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After transfusing someone who had a Hgb at 8 or less, what range would you expect them to get back to? |
|
Definition
| 9, we don't transfuse back to normal range we get them out of the danger zone |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the RBCs when smoking? |
|
Definition
| CO binds to RBCs instead of O2 and render the RBC useless for perfusion |
|
|
Term
| What is the priority activity for someone who is very anemic? |
|
Definition
| Rest - stop/slow down if sxs |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/ Leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient is being prescribed Procrit, why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A shift to the left in patients with leukocytopenia may indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lab values do you expect to be significantly higher than normal in your patient with polycythemia vera? |
|
Definition
| RBCs & Hct (Inc. blood viscosity) |
|
|
Term
| Excess erythropoietin or Inc. hypoxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neoplastic stem cell disorder where RBCs are increased. |
|
Definition
| Primary erythrocytosis (polycythemia vera) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your client has ruby red colored lower extremities, what condition do you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should a patient with polycythemia have their legs elevated or dependent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B-Cells are infected in Mononucleosis by what virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for mono? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the acute phase of mono? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ANC must be < than _______ for neutropenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what ANC are clients put in protective isolation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Segmented neutrophils +bands/100 x WBCs |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important step to take to prevent infection in individuals with neutropenia? |
|
Definition
| Make sure they maintain adequate hygiene |
|
|
Term
| Presence of malignant immature WBCs in bone marrow, circulation, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we determine what type of leukemia a patient has? How do we monitor the effects of treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive proliferation of blast cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do patients with leukemia usually die from? |
|
Definition
| Internal hemorrhage & infection |
|
|
Term
| A patient's labs say that the WBC count is 200,000. What do you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What labs do you expect to be low in a patient with leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of Leukemia patients has a higher successful cure rate, children or adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| G-CSF (Granulocyte colony stimulating factor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often are leukemia patients kept in the hospital after chemo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease in renal function, increase in metabolism, increase in ICP and bone pain are often seen in what? |
|
Definition
| Infiltrate sxs of leukemia |
|
|
Term
| Type of leukemia for which no Tx is given until chemo in the late stage. |
|
Definition
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) |
|
|
Term
| Type of leukemia for which bone marrow transplants are given. CNS infiltrates. |
|
Definition
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) |
|
|
Term
| Type of leukemia that has a terminal blast crisis (acute) phase and is treated with interferon, chemo and gleevec. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proliferative type of leukemia treated c chemo. |
|
Definition
| Acute myeloid leukemia (ALL) |
|
|
Term
| You leukemia patient has a very supportive family. They have brought flowers, raw fruits & veggies and the patient's child, who is coughing and has a runny nose. What is your priority action? |
|
Definition
| Inform them of why these things are inappropriate and put your patient at risk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer of lymphoid tissues. Proliferation of lymphocytes, resident monocytes & macrophages and precursors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's |
|
|
Term
| This type of lymphoma has no cure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of lymphoma is seen in 15-35 yo and >50. It has a 60-90% cure rate if diagnosed early. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of lymphoma is seen in older adults and has a 30-60% cure rate if it is an aggressive lymphoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of lymphoma involving Reed-Sternberg cells. May be caused partially by Epstein-Barr virus and genetic factors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphoma with GI symptoms like jaundice, bloody diarrhea and cramping as well as hemolytic anemia, ureteral obstruction and spinal cord compression. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Swollen, painless lymph nodes
Persistant fever
Pruritis
Night sweats
Anemia
Fatigue
Malaise
Weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Possible side effect of chemo & radiation for lymphoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignant disorder of plasma cells in which immature cells proliferate in BM, lymph nodes, spleen and kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What major systems does multiple myeloma affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lab values do you expect to see in a patient with multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
| Hypercalcemia, Decreased blood components |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the bones in multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
| Bone pain, eats away at bone and causes hypercalcemia. Decrease in bone density leading to pathological fractures and spinal cord compression |
|
|
Term
| What immunoglobulin affects the body systems negatively in multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
| M-protein immunoglobulin (cancerous) |
|
|
Term
| What renal tubule damaging protein is found in the urine of multiple myeloma patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calcitonin, bisphosphonates, furosemide, IV sodium or potassium phosphate, glucocorticoids, weight bearing. |
|
|
Term
| Type of WBC cancer without a cure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do patients with MM usually survive? |
|
Definition
| 4-5 yrs, longer if indolent |
|
|
Term
| Type of ca with leukocytosis, anemia, risk for infection & bleeding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of ca with painlessly swollen lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of ca with renal failure, hypercalcemia and bone pain w/pathological fractures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are 30-40% of platelets stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thrombocytopenia is defined at plt <_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk of spontaneous bleeding plt count |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune destruction of plt by spleen. |
|
Definition
| Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) |
|
|
Term
| Microcirculation occlusion by clots from platelet aggregation leading to fragmented RBCs and hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP) |
|
|
Term
| Platelet & immune complex cluping -> clots |
|
Definition
| Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx chemo-induced thrombocytopenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does 1 unit of platelets inc. plt count by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what plt count do we transfuse pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HA, visual changes, LOC changes & seizures |
|
|
Term
| In pt. with thrombocytopenia, hold puncture sites for ______min and ABG sites (arterial) for ______min. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do you have to wait to re-inflate the cuff to get an accurate BP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much lower can you expect BP to be when sleeping? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissues most affected by chronic HTN. |
|
Definition
| Eyes, heart, vessels, brain & kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Dx HTN Intermittent or sustained systolic >____ or diastolic >_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 120-139 systolic BP is classified as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How big does MAP have to be to perfuse kidneys & organs other than <3 & brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a major contributor to high BP? |
|
Definition
| Cigarette smoking (Inc. BP, HR, O2 use and vasoconstricts) |
|
|
Term
| What nutrient helps decrease homocysteine levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do women have until menopause that protects them from coronary artery disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This syndrome is characterized by apple shaped/abd obesity, inc. triglycerides, dec. HDLs, Inc BP & glucose, clotting tendency & inflammatory factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HTN with no identifiable cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nsg mgmt hypertensive emergency within minutes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should BP be by 2-6 hrs in HTN emergency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the usual cause of HTN emergency? |
|
Definition
| Pts stop taking their meds |
|
|
Term
| Malignant HTN is defined as DBP >____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug is a direct acting vasodilator that works on arterioles and is used IV to lower BP rapidly in severe HTN episodes. Must be administered in small incremental doses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What HTN drugs are contraindicated in asthmatics? |
|
Definition
| B1B2 blockers like Propranolol |
|
|
Term
| How do Ca++ channel blockers decrease heart rate? |
|
Definition
| Decrease contractility of heart by blocking calcium influx into cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major electrolyte effects ACEi's |
|
Definition
| Hyperkalemia, Na+ excretion |
|
|
Term
| HTN med interrupts early on in RAAS w/o cough. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Giant wheals of edema, tongue, glottis and pharynx are called ________ and must be immediately reported. SE of ACEis and ARBs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major cause of Tx failure r/t HTN |
|
Definition
| Lack of patient compliance (impotence, need for multiple appts) |
|
|
Term
| What can the body do to bypass/compensate for defective blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do manifestations of atherosclerosis appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal LDL, HDL, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Homocysteine levels |
|
Definition
LDL <130
HDL >37 males >40 females
Cholesterol <200
Triglycerides <190
Homocysteine <17 |
|
|
Term
| HDL:Cholesterol ideal & normal values |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st line Rx hyperlipidemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE to watch for of statins |
|
Definition
Muscle pain/weakness (myopathy)
Urine changing to brown (toxicity) |
|
|
Term
| Drug used in combo w/statins. Can't use alone b/c high doses have lots of SE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol lower drug that binds bile acids in intestine & dec. cholesterol producting in liver |
|
Definition
| Bile acid sequestrants (Questran, Colestid) |
|
|
Term
| Drug that lowers triglyceride levels and is used in combo therapy for high cholesterol. |
|
Definition
| Fibric acid derivatives (Lopid) |
|
|
Term
| ETOH goal for patients with HTN & Hyperlipidemia |
|
Definition
| Moderate - 2 drinks for males and 1 for females/day |
|
|
Term
| If chest pain is on and off what does that indicate? |
|
Definition
| When off <3 is getting O2 - less risk for necrosis |
|
|
Term
| If blood flow to the <3 is restored in _____ min, contractility is restored and cellular repair begins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What different symptoms of angina do women have? |
|
Definition
Back pain & indigestion
Nausea, SOB
Fatigue & weakness of shoulders & upper arms |
|
|
Term
| Upredictable angina caused by spasm (at night) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Angina that increases with activity (workload of heart) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unpredictable angina that increases in frequency, severity and duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asymptomatic ischemia that occurs with activity or mental illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of angina is relieved by rest & nitrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic chest pain sequence |
|
Definition
| Activity - Pain - Rest - Relief |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Angina & MI? |
|
Definition
| Angina is only partial obstruction of vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oral contraceptives, smoking, stress from family/work roles, post menopausal lack of estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High risk Dx tool for CAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ECHO from inside for Dx CAD |
|
Definition
| TransEsophageal ECHO (TEE) |
|
|
Term
| Dx tool for CAD using dye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is indicative of a positive ECG stress test? |
|
Definition
1. Pt reports CP
2. ST Dec. 3 mm or more
3. Pt requests stopping due to fatigue, dysrhythmias or other sx. |
|
|
Term
| Serum Cardiac Markers Dx Angina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood flow reduced but not fully occluded. |
|
Definition
| Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) |
|
|
Term
| Condition in which cardiac markers are abnormal vs. normal. |
|
Definition
Abnormal - AMI
Normal - Stable angina, ACS |
|
|
Term
| Which event has greater ST changes, ACS or AMI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we avoid tolerance to NTG? |
|
Definition
| Remove at night or whenever least likely to have an MI |
|
|
Term
| Best practice for applying Ntg patches |
|
Definition
| When you put one on, remove one! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrate administration during acute attack. |
|
Definition
| Take 3 doses 5 min apart. If no relief or pain continues for 20 min, seek emergency assistance. |
|
|
Term
| Nsg priorities for patient in AMI |
|
Definition
Baseline vitals & pain
O2
Nitro |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potent coronary dilators that block Ca++ channels |
|
Definition
Verapamil
Diltiazem
NifedipineHow |
|
|
Term
| How soon does tpa need to be given after MI in order to be effective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug class prevents ventricular remodeling post MI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long post MI does a patient need to be on strict bedrest? |
|
Definition
| 12 hours then gradually inc. activity |
|
|
Term
| Normal O2 flow for post MI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immediate nutrition recommendation post-MI |
|
Definition
| Small, frequent meals but NONE if going to cath lab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates
Aspirin (MONA) |
|
|
Term
| ABCDE guidelines for mgmt stable angina |
|
Definition
Aspirin & Anti-anginals
B-blockers & dec. BP
C - Decrease Cholesterol and cigarette smoking
D - Diet & manage DM
E - Education and exercise |
|
|
Term
| What risk do all revascularization procedures carry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percutaneous coronary revascularization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percutaneous Transluminal Balloon Angioplasty |
|
|
Term
| Appropriate nsg actions post PCR or PTCA |
|
Definition
HOB flat & bedrest
Monitor & Tx CP
VS Q15 min
Look for bleeding and VS indicating a bleed.
Check peripheral pulses and examine scrotum/labia and underneath for blood (path of least resistance) |
|
|
Term
| Risk with ballooning or stenting vessels |
|
Definition
Can make clot into embolism
Can rupture blood vessel |
|
|
Term
| Surgery where a vein or artery is used to create a new connection between aorta and coronary artery beyond obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do surgeons induce during a CABG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purkinje fiber stimulated HR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Controls # impulses that reach the ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an elevated ST wave in an EKG indicate? |
|
Definition
| Acute injury - Intervention must take place! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B-blockers & Ca++ blockers |
|
|
Term
| Priority w/ tx sinus tach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx bradycardia (if symptomatic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disorganized atrial activity w/o discreet atrial contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood ppols & clots --> pulmonary/thrombo embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PVC within 4 hrs after MI, >6 PVCs/min, Couplet or triplet PVS and multifocal PVCs indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life threatening dysrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Priority nsg action in V-fib or V-tach |
|
Definition
1. Check Pulse & LOC
2. If pulseless -> begin CPR |
|
|
Term
| If your patient wants to sit in a chair and is at risk for V fib or V tach - what is a prudent nsg action? |
|
Definition
| Put draw sheet underneath Pt in chair in case need to transfer to bed for CPR |
|
|
Term
| What position should your patient be in if have decreased CO? What should they have on them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Things to assess with decreased CO (SEVER acronym) |
|
Definition
S/S
Etiology
Vitals
Electrolytes
Rx peak and trough |
|
|
Term
| Uncontrolled situation action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Controlled situation action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient is in Vfib - what are your priority actions? |
|
Definition
Call code blue
Start CPR
Prepare to assist with defibrillation |
|
|
Term
| Elective treatment for A fib, A flutter or Supraventricular tach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risks associated with cardioversion |
|
Definition
Burns from pads if out of date
Embolism risk for the next few weeks bc pushed clotty blood through stream |
|
|
Term
| After receiving cardioversion, what drug should a patient be on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability of heart to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic demands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal ejection fraction (%blood ejected with each beat) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of heart failure where heart is stiff, normal EF and heart can't relax and has impaired filling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of heart failure where heart can't contract adequately and has impaired EF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of HF is r/t ischemia and inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of HF is related to dec. ventricular compliance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased CO & exercise tolerance, fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulm. HTN, acute & chronic pulm disease (BACKFLOW) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dependent edema,
JVD
Portal HTN & Ascites
Liver congestion
Congestion of peripheral tissues
GI tract congestion
N/V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulmonary congestion & edema (DOE, crackles, SOB, cough, orthopnea, cyanosis, wheezes, S3) Dec. CO & Activity intolerance |
|
|
Term
| This marker is elevated in pt. with L ventricular dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progressive deterioration of heart due to some underlying disease leads to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low levels of what electrolyte enhance Digoxin effects and increase the risk of toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only effective Tx for end stage HF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you teach the family of a patient with HF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sort of activity regime should a HF pt have? |
|
Definition
| Moderate, progressive with tolerance |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in alveoli of lung |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary edema is due to impairment of which ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of cough does a person with pulmonary edema have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug given IV to Tx pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must a patient with pulmonary edema have? |
|
Definition
| Intubation or CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) |
|
|
Term
| Systemic inflammatory disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does rheumatic fever lead to in 50% of cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What valve does rheumatic heart disease affect most commonly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever, joint pain, chest pain, pericardial friction rub, murmur, S3, S4 and cardiomegaly are manifestations of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx Rheumatic Heart Disease |
|
Definition
PCN Full course
NSAIDs for joint pain
Corticosteroids for carditis |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of endocardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever 39.4C, Flu like symptoms, cough, SOB, joint pain, heart murmur (new or worsened) are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential complication of endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Embolism (vegetation breaks off) |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of heart muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radiation, chemo, drugs, poisons, infection |
|
|
Term
| Abx, corticosteroids, bed & emotional rest, O2 and hemodynamic monitoring are used to treat _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of pericardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Comfort measure for pericarditis |
|
Definition
| Sitting up and leaning forward may reduce pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pericardial friction rub
Dyspnea
Sinus tach
Low grade fever
CP aggravated w/breathing |
|
|
Term
| Complications pericarditis |
|
Definition
Pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
Chronic restrictive pericarditis |
|
|
Term
| Muffled heart sounds and distended neck veins characterize what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a valve is not open or is closed completely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a valve doesn't close completely when it is supposed to and there is backflow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when the ventricles remodel? |
|
Definition
| Dilate to adapt to inc. in volume and pressure |
|
|
Term
| Condition interfering with blood flow to and from heart involving valves of heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Etiology Acute Valvular Heart Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Etiology Chronic Valvular Heart Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What position can patients with valvular heart disease not be in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx valvular heart disease |
|
Definition
| valve replacement - mech or bio |
|
|
Term
| This type of valve required long-term coagulation therapy and bleeding precautions. Patient needs to come in routinely for INR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of valve is less durable - 50% must be replaced in 15 yrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilated cardiomyopathy is akin to what other disease we have talked about? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ventricle walls stiffen & lose flexibility |
|
Definition
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| Thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A form of arteriosclerosis in which deposits of fat & fiber obstruct and harden arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain in calves to buttocks with activity; relieved by rest |
|
Definition
| Intermittent Claudication |
|
|
Term
| In intermittent claudication, patients have a burning sensation in the lower legs. When their legs are elevated the skin has ______ and when dependent the skin has ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is impaired in the lower extremities in intermittent claudication? |
|
Definition
| Pulses, sensation, cap refill (PERFUSION) |
|
|
Term
| Complications of intermittent claudication |
|
Definition
| Gangrene, infection, amputation & hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Your patient is allergic to shellfish, what alternative do you offer the doctor to angiography? |
|
Definition
| Magnetic Resonance Angiography (Limited use) |
|
|
Term
| When is BP to lower extremities decreased (r/t intermittent claudication)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient has atherosclerosis, why are they taking 81 mg ASA? |
|
Definition
| Anti-platelet aggregator. Platelets can stick to rough edges of plaque and form clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Platelet inhibitor with vasodilator properties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx decreases blood viscosity & Inc. RBC flexibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Procedure to remove plaque |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are endartarectomies most commonly performed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain
Pallor
No Pulse
Paresthesia
Paralysis |
|
|
Term
| What angle do you want the patient's knees at that has impaired arterial tissue perfusion? |
|
Definition
| No angle! Hard to get around the bend |
|
|
Term
| Arterial issues you want the FOB _______ or ________. Venous issues you want the FOB _________. |
|
Definition
| Dependent or Horizontal; Elevated |
|
|
Term
| Why might you use a warm blanket and a bed cradle on your patient with arterial insufficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What activity can stimulate growth of collaterals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient is determined to heal and walks 30-45 min every day to form collaterals. He states proudly that he continues walking even when it hurts. What is your response? |
|
Definition
| Stop and rest if pain (claudication starts); resume when pain subsides |
|
|
Term
| What extremities must receive special care in arterial insufficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of ulcers are surrounded by brown coloration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occlusive vascular disease in which small and medium sized peripheral arteries become inflamed, spastic and thrombotic (Upper extremities usually) |
|
Definition
| Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis obliterans) |
|
|
Term
| Episodes of intense vasospasm in small arteries in fingers and sometimes toes with coloration change. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colors of Raynaud's hands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No cure, relieve symptoms (avoid attacks) |
|
|
Term
| Centrifuging arms, decreasing stress, keeping extremities dependent and warm and good ideas for what diseases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If damage to extremities is permanent, what must be done for Raynaud's and Buerger's patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Last resort Tx Buerger's disease |
|
Definition
| Sympathectomy or arterial bypass graft |
|
|
Term
| Drugs used in both Beurger's and Raynaud's diseases. |
|
Definition
Ca++ blockers for relief of vasoconstriction.
Analgesics for pain
Pentoxifylline to decrease viscosity |
|
|
Term
| Thrombosis is treated by ________ whereas embolism is treated by _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can you not use if patient has active bleeding, recent surgery, uncontrolled HTN or pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oldest drug used for thrombolytic therapy is _____ and the antidote is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How soon after an embolism does an embolectomy have to be performed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delays >____hrs after embolism result in increased risk of limb loss, resp. distress or ARF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of blood clot in vein wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order to form a blood clot 2 of what 3 things are needed? (Virchow's triad) |
|
Definition
Blood stasis
Inc. blood coagulability
Injury to vessel wall. |
|
|
Term
| Breaks down clots naturally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpaple cordy vein with redness and warmth near a PIV site is indicative of what? |
|
Definition
| Superficial thrombophlebitis |
|
|
Term
| Tx superficial thrombophlebitis |
|
Definition
Warm compress
Elevation
Abx if infected |
|
|
Term
| In what patients do we prophylactically treat DVTs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This test, if positive, indicates that there has recently been a clot that is being broken down due to the presence of excessive fibrin degradation products. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long before surgery must a pt be off ASA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tirofiban (Aggrastat), abciximab (ReoPro) and eptifibatide (Integrelin) are in what class? |
|
Definition
| GPIIB/IIIA receptor blockers (Anti-plt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lab can you monitor for a patient on enoxaparin (Lovenox)? What are the therapeutic values? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote Coumadin toxicity |
|
Definition
| Vit K (phytonadione (Mephyton)) |
|
|
Term
| What two anticoagulants can you give at the same time? Why? |
|
Definition
| Hep & Coumadin - One works intrinsically, one works extrinsically and their affects don't add up. Used for transferring to PO meds |
|
|
Term
| Normal range of PT is _____; therapeutic range is _____ |
|
Definition
| 11-13; 18-26s (1.5-2x norm) |
|
|
Term
| Normal range INR _____; Therapeutic range _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PT & INR are monitored for _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-factor Xa is monitored for ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTT is monitored fo _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| This value of INR is desirable for someone with an artificial valve. |
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Definition
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Term
| PT levels should be checked how often after beginning Coumadin therapy? |
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Definition
QD x 5 days
2x/wk for 2 wks
q wk for 2 months
q3 months |
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Term
| How many days should Heparin and Coumadin be overlapped? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| IV Heparin & strict bedrest until no tenderness and edema |
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Term
| Surgical removal of thrombi from occluded vessel |
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Definition
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Term
| INsertion of a filtering device into inf. vena cava to capture venous thrombi and prevent pulmonary emboli in pts with recurrent DVTs. |
|
Definition
| Greenfield or Nitinol Filter |
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Term
| Disorder involving stasis of blood in lower extremities as a result of obstruction & reflux of venous valves |
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Definition
| Chronic venous insufficiency |
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Term
| Leg edema, skin discoloration, fibrosis of SQ tissues and recurrent stasis ulcers result form this condition |
|
Definition
| Chronic venous insufficiency |
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Term
| Silvadene cream, Zinc oxide, corticosteroid creams and broad spectrum abx/anti-fungal creams can be used on these. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Put these kinds of wet compresses on venous stasis ulcers 4x/day |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrients v. important for healing patients with venous stasis ulcers |
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Definition
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Term
| Compression therapy device for venous stasis ulcers |
|
Definition
| Semi-rigid boots (Unna boots) |
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Term
| This can occur with surgical removal of lymph nodes, scarring of lymph nodes by tumor or by a nematode worm (elephantitis) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Painless swelling tissues, soft & pitting edema |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hardening/fibrosis: Brawny edema |
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Term
| What complications can arise from lymphedema? |
|
Definition
| Lymphangitis & cellulitis |
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|
Term
| dye injected into lymph to see flow |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics; Dec. Na+ Intake |
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Term
| Should you elevate or lower the lymphedematous limbs of your patient? |
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
Replacement of damaged lymph vessels
Skin, SQ removal and grafting (only 25% effective) |
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Term
| This type of glomerulonephritis is caused by the antigen-antibody relationship with group A B-hemolytic streoptococcus. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of glomerulonephritis is irreversible and progresses over weeks to months. IT is usually primary or secondary to a systemic disease like SLE or Goodpasture's. |
|
Definition
| Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| This type of glomerulonephritis is a rare autoimmune condition that involved pulmonary hemorrhage. |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of glomerulonephritis there is no hematuria, serum lipids are increased, periorbital edema and risk for DVT or PE. (50% ESRD) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In this type of glomerulonephritis the kidney's shrink until entire nephrons are lost. It is insidious until it progreses to RF. Slow, progressive. Common cause is diabetic nephropathy. |
|
Definition
| Chronic glomerulonephritis |
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Term
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Definition
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