Term
| Usually the uterus is ___________the pelvic bone, but when a women is pregnant the uterus is ____________ the pelvic bone |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the body that dialates during labor is |
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Definition
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Term
How many primary oocytes (approx) are created during fetal life in a female?
when do they mature? |
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Definition
-2 million
-one primary oocyte matures monthy during ovulation. |
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Term
| The layer that the sperm must penetrate to fertilize the egg is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the name used to describe the pain some women are able to feel during ovulation? |
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Definition
| middle smirtz (spelling?) |
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Term
| a __________ ___________ is when there is not enough progesterone from the corpus leutium to sustain pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| ovulation occurs approx the ____ day of the cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| during the mentral cycle, bleeding begings on day ____ of the cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the part of the male reproductive system altered during a vas sectomy? |
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Definition
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Term
when does spermatogenesis begin in the life of a male?
where does the process of spermatogenesis begin? (body part) |
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Definition
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Term
| the first part of the mentral cycle is dominated by rising ______.but ________ is also rising ata this time. |
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Definition
-dominated by FSH
-estrogen rises too |
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Term
How long does the egg last once released?
how long can sperm last once ejaculated? |
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Definition
-the egg can last 12-24
-the sperm can last 2-5 days (watch out for those little buggers) |
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Term
| what is the minimum number of sperm needed before a fertility problem is indicated? |
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Definition
| 50 million (not sure if this is per ejaculation or per ml or something) |
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Term
| the later part of the mentral cycle is dominated by ___________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| most pregnancy/ ovulation monitor kits measure the hormone________? |
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Definition
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Term
| conception is considered to be the time when>... |
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Definition
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Term
| in reference to ovulation when does conception occur (how long after ovulation) |
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Definition
| within 12 hours of ovulation |
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Term
| Once the Zona de pellucido has been penetrated, it binds the sperm to prevent... |
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Definition
| other sperm from penetrating the ovum |
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Term
| In what part of the female body do the sperm and egg typically meet |
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Definition
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Term
| implantation occurs about ________ days after ovulation of the fertilized egg |
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Definition
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Term
| the blastocyst stage of development of the fertilized ovum occurs ____ days after ovulation |
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Definition
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Term
| cleavage of the ovum begins to occur ____ day(s) after ovulation occurs... |
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Definition
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Term
a women trying to get pregnant tells her nurse that she knows she isn't pregnant because she just got her period early. The nurse tells the woman,
a) she is not pregnant because she has her period.
b) she is having a miscarraige
c) she needs to go t |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does the embryonic period last? |
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Definition
| 15-8 weeks post conception |
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Term
| at what point during embryonic development are all organ systems and external structures present? |
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Definition
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Term
| what period is considered the most critical time in the development of organ systems and main external features? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| agent that acts directly on the developing fetus, causeing abnormal embryonic or fetal development |
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Term
| what are the 3 most critical pts of vulnerability of organs to teratogens? |
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Definition
-neural tube closure at 3 wks post conception
-heart formation, 3 weeks, 4-5 for chambers
-lips/palate 6-8 weeks post conception. |
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Term
| what supplement is recommended pre-conception and early pregnancy for those wanting to become pregnant, and is considered to have a protective effect against neural tube defects? |
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Definition
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Term
| most amniotic fluid comes from________________, although some is from diffusion from ________ ___________ |
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Definition
-urine produced by the fetus
-maternal blood |
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Term
| name 6 jobs of the amniotic fluid |
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Definition
-protects from trauma
-allows muscle and development
-allows muscle development for fetus
-repository for waste
-maintains temp
-it is a source of oral fluid. |
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Term
| The _________ develops from the trophoblast and contains __________ __________ on the surface. This also becomes the covering of the ______ side of the placenta. |
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Definition
-chorion
-contains chorionic cilii on the surgace
-Fetal side |
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Term
| The amount of amnionic fluid dec as pregnancy progresses. T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| Because the fetus is not utilizing lungs in utero amniotic fluid does not get into the fetus lungs. T or F |
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Definition
| False the fetus swallows fluid and it flows in and out of the fetal lungs. |
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Term
| the two fetal membranes are called the ___________ and the __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the the chorion closer to the side or the uterus or fetus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The major umbillical blood vessels are located in the ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the amnion located on the side of the uterus or fetus? It develops from the interior cells of the ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what becomes the covering of the umbillical cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the placenta begin to form? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what hormones does the placenta produce? (4 hormones) |
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Definition
-hCG
-Human placental lactogen
-progesterone
-esteriol |
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Term
| Name 4 metabolic functions of the placenta |
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Definition
-respiration
-nutrition
-excretion
-storage |
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Term
| the "dirty duncan" is on the _____________ side of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| the "shiny shultz" is on the ____________ side of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| -from 9 weeks gestation til birth |
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Term
viability refers to ________
about how many weeks is this.... |
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Definition
ability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus
this is about 22-24 weeks, this still may include the use of machines. |
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Term
| what is the first fetal system to develop and function |
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Definition
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Term
| How many vessels are in the umbillical cord? |
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Definition
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Term
how many arteries and how many veins inthe umbillical cord?
the artery(ies) deliver ____________ blood to the ___________, while the vein(s) deliver _________ blood to the _________/ |
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Definition
2 arteries, and 1 vein
the art's deliver deoxygenated blood to the placenta while the veins deliver oxygenated blood to the fetus.
It might help to think of arts and veins in relation to the fetus similarly to the heart. Artery's "Away" from the fetus, veins to the fetus, only the oxygenation is switches art's=deoxy |
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Term
| the fetal liver is bypassed by the |
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Definition
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Term
| the fetal lungs are bypassed by the _________ ___________ and _________ ____________ |
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Definition
| foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus |
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Term
| what type of breathing occurs in utero? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does development of the respiratory system begin? When does it end (approx)? |
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Definition
embryonic life
-ends in childhood |
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Term
What are pulmonary surfactants used for?
what is the most critical surfactant? what does it do?
name another important surfactant... |
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Definition
to determine the degree of fetal lung maturity, and the ability of the lungs to function after birth.
-the most common is lecithin (L), it is required for postnatal lung expansion.
-another important surfactant is call sphingomyclin (S). it only said it remains constant in amount. not sure what that means for the baby. |
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Term
what ratio of L/S (the surfactants) is considered to indicate a mature respiratory sys? when does this ratio usually occur?
If lung development is immature what is given? |
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Definition
the ratio is 2:1 and this is achieved at about 35 weeks.
steriod will be given to speed development |
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Term
| In the fetal stage the fetus is no longer at risk for being exposed to teratogens? |
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Definition
| false. the fetus is still at risk, especially the brain and CNS |
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Term
| hematopoiesis begins in the liver during the _________ week of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| antigenic factors for RBCs are present after the ___________ week of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the hepatic sys develop (range) |
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Definition
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Term
| at what week does bile begin to form in the fetus> |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the fetal liver get the majority of its blood supply? which lobe of the liver is this especially true for |
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Definition
| -it get is from the umbilical VEIN, esp the LEFT lobe |
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Term
| what is the main route for bilirubin elimination in the fetus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The metabolic pathways for bilirubin in the fetus are not at adult levels even in the new born.. t or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| any collection of RBC"s in the fetus/newborn can cause an increase of ___________. this can cause the condition known as ____________. |
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Definition
-bilirubin
-can cause jaundice. |
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Term
| when does the gastrointestinal sys change from a straight line to a c shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the fetus begin to swallow the amniotic fluid ? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is the GI system usally mature? (in weeks) |
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Definition
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Term
When do the kidneys form?
when do they begin to function?
When should the kidneys be fully formed? |
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Definition
week 5
-function week 9
-term |
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Term
| when does the nervous system orginate? |
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Definition
| 3 weeks after fertilization |
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Term
| by what time have the nerve fibers transversed the body of fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| what occurs with the neurological system during the 11-12 week |
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Definition
| fetus makes respiratory movement, moves extremities, changes positions, sucks thumb swim in the amionic fluid. |
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Term
| the thyroid begins to develop by the |
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Definition
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Term
| formation of the adrenal cortex in fetus occurs, and starts producing hormones by the _________ week (range). more cotisol is produced as fetus nears _________ |
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Definition
wk 6
8th-9th week
nears term |
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Term
| formation of the pancreas in fetus occurs.. (range)? the islets of langerhans develop during week ___? Insulin is produced by week ___? |
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Definition
pancreas 5th-8th
islets week 12
insulin 20th week |
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Term
| when does sex differentiation begin? when do distinguishing characteristic appear, when is the formation complete |
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Definition
7th week
-appear the 9th weel and finish by hte 12th week. |
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Term
bones and muscles develop by the ____ wk.
but the bones in the skull develop in the _____________ ________ through ________ |
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Definition
4th week
-the embryonic period through child hood |
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Term
| the posterior fontenel closes by ___ to ____ months, while the anterior fontonel closes between _____ and ____ months. |
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Definition
posterior 3-6 months
anterior 12-18 mo |
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Term
| when do creases on hands fingers feet and toes begin to be seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does hair cover the body, hair eyelashes and brows form around the ____wk |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| a normal term infant can fight infection. T or F |
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Definition
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Term
the passively aquired antibody that is passed from mom to fetus is -
how many grams of this crosses the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| The mom passes IgM through the placenta to the fetus. T or F |
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Definition
| F the fetus produces IgM at the end of the 1st trimester |
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Term
| IgA is produced by the fetus. T or F |
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Definition
| false it is obtained through the colostrum |
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Term
| colostrum contains the antibody |
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Definition
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Term
| In fraternal twin there are 2 zygotes, 2 amnions, 2 chorions and two placentas. T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| name 3 positive signs of pregnancy |
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Definition
visualization of fetus by Ultra sound or Xray
-presence of fetal heart tones
-fetal movements palpated |
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Term
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Definition
| when you press on the mother abdomen and you can feel baby rise back up |
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Term
|
Definition
| softening of the cervix, which is a probable sign of pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| when the cervix is bluish in color , this is a probable sign of pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| the uterus is softer and is a probable sign of pregnancy. |
|
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Term
| name 6 presumptive signs of pregnancy |
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Definition
-breast change
-amenorrhea
-nausea and vomiting
-urinary frequency
-fatigue
-quickening |
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Term
| production of this hormaone is a biologic marker for pregnancy.... This production begins with ______________ |
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Definition
-hCg
-implantation
this is what is used in pregnancy tests
-serum: detected about 6 days post conception to about 20 days since last period
-Urine: detected 1-2 days after Last missed period (LMP) |
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Term
| during the first 60-70 days of gestation we are looking to see a rise in ______. During this time it should double every ____ to ______ ________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does nafele's rule assume? |
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Definition
| it assumes a 28 day cycle with conception on day 14. |
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Term
| growth in the first trimester is stimulated by __________ and ____________. (hormones) |
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Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| As the Uterus increases in sise so does the Uteroplacental ______ ______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when does the uterus drop before delivery? |
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Definition
| about 2wks up unti right at the time of the delivery |
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Term
| the uterus grows _____x larger than usual, and rises out of the _________ _________ to just above the __________ _________ |
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Definition
-20x larger
-rises out of pubic bone
-above the xiphoid process. |
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Term
| at _____ weeks the fundus should be at the umbilicus. and then ____ inche(s) above it each week after |
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Definition
20 weeks
then 1 inches above each week |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| in a woman who is nullipara the cervical Os will be__________ while a moaman who is multipara will be _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| the development of mammary glands are functionally complete by __________________, however lactation does not begin until drop in _________ after birth. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the first trimester a womans BP is __________. In the second trimester the BP ____________ (including both systolic and diastolic).and in the 3rd trimester the BP should _____________________________. |
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Definition
-unchanged
-decreases
-returnk to first trimester levels |
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Term
| during pregnancy there is a change in the position of the heart. It is shifted up and to the right. True or false |
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Definition
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Term
| During pregnancy there is compression of the _________ _______ when lying flat on the back.. This __________ cardiac output and causes supine ______________ |
|
Definition
-vena cava
-decreases
-hyptension |
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Term
| due to inc blood volume during pregnancy causes decrease in normal Hgb and Hct and will result in physiologic ________. It is only considered a "true" anemia is its less than _____g/dl or ___% |
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Definition
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Term
| total WBC ct __________ in the second trimester and peaks in the ____________ |
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Definition
increases
peaks in the third |
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Term
| what is the best position for a pregnent woman to sleep |
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Definition
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Term
| during pregnancy there are __________ clotting factors, and fibrolytic activity is _______________ in both pregnancy and post partum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| during preg. there is an increase in maternal ___________ needed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| estrogen causes rib cage to _______ and _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| hormones can cause __________ in ureters during preg. which can inc risk for urinary stasis and therefore there is an inc risk of ________, and these 3 things.... |
|
Definition
dialation\\
UTI's
bladder irritability
nocturia
frequency |
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|
Term
| urine output is inc by _________ during preg. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| asymtomatic bactermia may cause a premature birth. t or f |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fetal heart tones can be heard using a doppler at |
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Definition
|
|
Term
first trimester is from wk __ to __
2nd is...?
3rd is?? |
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Definition
1-13
14-26
week 27 till delivery |
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Term
| a pregnant woman with signs of rashm muscle aches, and joint pain should be asked about possible exposure to |
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Definition
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Term
It is beneficial to receive the rubella vaccine before getting pregnant, if a woman tells a nurse she is pregnant the nurse should advise her to get a rubella vaccine.
T or F |
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Definition
| false no pregnancy at least 3 months after recieving the vaccine bc it can cause spontaneous abortion, congenital abnormalities, hearing loss, and psychomotor retardation of the baby |
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|
Term
| cytolomegalovirus only presents a problem if a woman is exposed during her pregnancy/ t or f |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| women with a current herpes simplex II outbreak cannot have a vaginal birth. T or F |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are danger signs that need to be taught in the first trimester prenatal education? |
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Definition
-vaginal bleeding
-abdom cramping
-severe prolonged vomiting |
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