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Atom:
The smallest way that an element can be broken down and still retain the chemical properties of that element. |
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| A pure chemical substance that consists only of one type of atom defined by its atomic number (number of protons). Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electons. |
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| The center of an atom that consist of protons and neutrons. The mass of an atom is found here. |
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| The number of these in an atom is indicated by the atomic number. It is found in the nucleus and has a positive charge. It has a mass of one amu. |
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| A subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus. These have no charge, but have a mass of one amu. |
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| A subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus. It has a negative charge, but is so small that it has virtually no mass. |
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| These are the electrons that are in the outermost energy level (or shell) of an atom. Determines the chemical properties and reactivity of a substance. |
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| An atom that has a different number of neutrons than indicated by its atomic number subtracted from its atomic mass. |
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| An atom that has an uneven number of protons and electrons. An atom with more protons than electrons will have a positive charge. An atom with more electrons than protons will have a negative charge. |
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| What are atoms made mostly of? |
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| Two or more atoms chemically combined to formed a new substance. Made of molecules of atoms. |
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| Combinations of atoms that form compounds. Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, however, one molecule of water consists of two hydrogen and one oxygen. |
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| The number of protons in an atom. When looking at the element on the periodic table, this number is typically found in the top right hand corner. |
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| The number of protons and neutrons in an atom. This number is typically found on the bottom of the element square when looking at the periodic table. This number is frequently a decimal because it is an average mass of all the known isotopes of the element. |
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| Group I is known as the Alklai Metals. They have one valence electron that they typically give away in a chemical reaction. |
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| Group II is known as the Alkaline Earth Metals. They have two valence electrons that are typically given away in chemical reactions. |
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| The group of elements in the "valley" of the periodic table are known as the transition metals. When filling the electron shells or "orbitals" of these metals, the rules are a little different. |
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| Group XVII is the Halogens. These elements have 7 valence electrons and typically gain one in chemical reactions. |
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| Group XVIII is known as the Noble Gasses or the Inert Gasses. They have a full valence shell and therefore do not normally react with other elements. |
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| Actinide and Lanthinide Series |
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| The two bottom rows of the periodic table actually exist in front of the rows starting with elements 72 and 104, making the peridioc table three dimensional. A majority of these elements are man made in a lab and are not found in significant quantities in nature. |
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