Term
|
Definition
| Muscular tube found in the throat used for moving food and other swallowed materials by way of peristalsis. Passes from the pharynx into the stomach. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The structure that closes off the airway during swallowing. Covers the glottis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tight muscle (sphincter) located at the top of the stomach. Is used for keeping stomach contents in or allowing food to pass through. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bean-shaped organ which digests food. Gastric glands within the stomach secrete mucus, HCl, and pepsin for the break down and digestion of foods. Stomach walls are protected by mucus. Expands and churns when food enters it to digest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sphincter (or valve) which seperates the stomach from the small intestine. Opens and closes to let food pass through into the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives food by ingestion, breaks food into small particles [mastication] and mix the food with saliva. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enables the food to be moved about the mouth and be placed where it can most effectively be ground down by the molars. When the food is ready to be swallowed, the tongue forms it into a ball which is moved toward the pharynx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we have 32 teeh, 16 in each jaw. both jaws have 3 molars, 2 premolars, 1 canine and 2 incisors. the teeth are used for biting, grinding and chewing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are 3 pairs of salivary glands they send saliva through the ducts to the mouth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recieves air from the nasal cavity and food from the mouth. swallowing is its main function, the food and air passage cross in the pharynx because the trachea is in front of the esophagus. |
|
|
Term
| function of salivary amylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
source of
pancreatic amylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| source of salivary amylase |
|
Definition
| salivary glands--parotid, sublingual and submandibular |
|
|
Term
| site of action of pancreatic amylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of pancreatic amylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| site of action of salivary amylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pepsin, trypsin, peptidase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastric glands of stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks protein to peptides |
|
|
Term
| pH for pepsinogen broken to pepsin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pH to break trypsinogen to trypsin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| site of action of trypsin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks protein to peptides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks lipids into fatty acids and glycerol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glands of small intestinal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks peptides into amino acids |
|
|
Term
| site of action for peptidase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| site of action for maltase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glands of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks maltose to glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pancreas and glands of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks nucleic acids like DNA and RNA into nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| site of action of nuclease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food along in a tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tongue moves food to back of throat, soft pallete covers the nasopharynx, pharynx moves food toward esophagus by peristalsis, ... |
|
|
Term
| components of gastric juice |
|
Definition
| water, pepsin, HCl, mucus |
|
|
Term
| components of salivary juice |
|
Definition
| water, salivary amylase, ions, mucus |
|
|
Term
| components of pancreatic juice |
|
Definition
| water, sodium ions, bicarbonate ions, mucus, pancreatic amylase, trypsin, lipase, nuclease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kills bacteria
activates Pepsinogen into pepsin with pH 2-3 |
|
|
Term
| what makes the stomach acidic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the small intestine basic? |
|
Definition
| presence of Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) from the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Components of intestinal juice? |
|
Definition
| water, mucus, pancreatic amylase, trypsin, lipase, nuclease, maltase, peptidase, Na , HCO3- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases
blood glucose concentration |
|
|
Term
| how does insulin decrease blood glucose concentration? |
|
Definition
| causes all cells to pick up insulin from the blood |
|
|
Term
| Insulin effect on the liver? |
|
Definition
| Liver takes more glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen |
|
|
Term
| describe the complete digestion of starch |
|
Definition
| Starch broken into maltose by salivary amylase in the mouth, then by pancreatic amylase in the small intestine. Maltose broken into glucose by maltase in the small intestines. Glucose absorbed into the capillary beds of the villi. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the complete digestion of protein |
|
Definition
| Protein is broken into peptides by pepsin in the stomach and by trypsin in the small intestines. Peptidases break the peptides into amino acids in the small intestines. The amino acids are absorbed by the capillaries of the villi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes blood glucose levels to rise as it stimulates the liver to break glycogen to glucose |
|
|
Term
| Insulin is released when? |
|
Definition
after a meal
when blood glucose levels are high |
|
|
Term
| Glucagon is released when? |
|
Definition
between meals
when blood sugar levels drop |
|
|
Term
| blood vessel taking blood from aorta to the small intestines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood vessel that is high in glucose after meals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood vessel that is high in glucose between meals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood vessel collecting all the blood and nutrients from the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emulsifies fats--breaking them into small droplets so lipase can act on them better |
|
|
Term
| major functions of the liver |
|
Definition
| make bile, make urea, store glycogen (and help balance sugar in bloodstream), detoxify the blood, destroy old rbc's, store fat soluble vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the small intestine specialized for absorption |
|
Definition
large surface area due to its length, villi, and microvilli
also has capillaries and lacteals in the villi for efficient absorption |
|
|
Term
| which monomers go into the lacteals of villi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which building blocks move into the capillary beds of the villi? |
|
Definition
| glucose, amino acids, nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| E. coli and other bacteria |
|
Definition
| produce vitamins and other growth factors in the large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, maltase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The beginning portion of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum |
|
|
Term
| small intestine structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facilitates absorption of nutrients into the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organ attached to the liver that is for storing and concentrating bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endocrine(gland) functions-> secretes insulin and glucagon- help keep blood glucose levels in normal range
and exocrine functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attached to the cecum->(blind end of the ascending colon) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terminal end of the digestive tube between the sigmoid colon and the anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outlet of digestion tract |
|
|
Term
| structure of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
