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Mr. Reeder's Science Terms 1-43
8th Grade Science terms
42
Science
8th Grade
10/04/2011

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Term
Lithosphere
Definition
The solid outer layer of the earth. Consists of the crust and rigid upper part of the mantle.
Term
Hydrologic Cycle
Definition
continual movement of water betwen the earths surface and the atmosphere through evaporation and precipatation
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
organisms in a given area combined with biotic and abiotic factors in whitch they interact
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
atom
Definition
smallest particle of an element
Term
subatomic particle
Definition
particles that make up an atom
Term
Atomic Mass
Definition
the mass of one mole of an atom
Term
Mass
Definition
the amount of matter in an object
Term
Electron Cloud
Definition
potential position of an electron in its orbit around an atom
Term
Newtons 1st Law of Motion
Definition
an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless force is placed upon it
Term
Newtons 2nd Law of Motion
Definition
relationship between an objects mass (m), acceleration (a) and applied force (f) is F=ma
Term
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Definition
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Term
Velocity
Definition
objects speed and direction is the objects direction of motion
Term
acceleration
Definition
the change in velocity divided by time
Term
vector
Definition
quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction
Term
speed
Definition

measurment of the rate of motion

speed=distance/time

Term
Net Force
Definition
sum of all forces acting on an object
Term
plate techtonics
Definition
developed by Alfred Wegner to describe the movement of the earths crust
Term
mantle
Definition
layer of hot rock between earths crust and core
Term
Convection Circulation
Definition
movement of particles dur to the differences of temperature and density
Term
Sun
Definition
source of energy for 99% of all life on earth
Term
Biological Processes
Definition
process that are carried out by living organisms
Term
Geological Processes
Definition
abiotic processes that help to shape the earth
Term
geologic time
Definition
period of time that included the physical formation of earth through present day
Term
Radioactive Decay
Definition
change over time in an atom due to loss of atomic particles and/or energy
Term
Relative Dating
Definition
the use of cross-comparisons of rock layers to establish older and younger rock layers
Term
tides
Definition
perodic rise and fall of water levels due to gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon acting on the earth
Term
New Moon
Definition
1st phase of the moon cycle where no moon is visable
Term
waxing
Definition
first half of the moon cycle where the moon is moving from new to full
Term
waning
Definition
last half of the moon cycle where the moon is moving from full to new
Term
full moon
Definition
half way through the lunar cycle where the entire moons surface is visable
Term
gibbous
Definition
when the visable surface of the moon is larger than half but not full
Term
crescent
Definition
when the visable surface of the moon is a small sliver
Term
solar energy
Definition
radiant energy from the sun
Term
stellar evolution
Definition
sequence of physical changes that occur over time in the history and future of galaxies and the physical universe as a whole
Term
nebula
Definition
any of numerous clouds of gas or dust in interstellar space
Term
star
Definition
a celestial body made of hot gases in which nuclear fusion occurs from which energy is radiated
Term
galaxy
Definition
collection of astronomical objects revolving around a common point
Term
continental drift
Definition
movement of the contental plates on the earth's crust
Term
Convergent plate boundary
Definition
continental plates moving toward each other
Term
divergent plate boundary
Definition
plates that are moving away from each other
Term
transfor/slip boundary
Definition
plates that are moving by (horizontally) each other
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