Term
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Definition
| process of collecting information about the external marketing environment to identify and interpret potential trends. 79 |
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Term
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Definition
| Attainment of organizational objectives by predicting and influencing the competitive, political-legal, economic, technological, and socialpcultural environments. 79 |
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Term
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Definition
| partnerships with other firms in which the partners combine resources and capital to create competitive advantages in a new market. 79 |
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Term
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Definition
| interactive process that occurs in the marketplace among marketers of directly competitive products, marketers of products that can be substituted for on another, and marketers competing for the consumer's pruchasing power. 80 |
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Term
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Definition
| positions as the sole supplier of a good or service in the marketplace. 80 |
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Term
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Definition
| of the past three decades has ended total monopoly protection for most utilities. 80 |
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Term
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Definition
| this structure of a limited number of sellers in an industry where high start-up costs form barriers to keep out new competitors deters newcomers from breaking into markets, while ensuring that corporations remain innovative. 80 |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct and Indirect (page 80-81) |
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Term
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Definition
| involves answering the following 3 questions: 1) Should we compete?, 2) If so, in what markets should we compete?, 3) How should we compare? 82 |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy of developing and distributing goods and services more quickly than competitors. 82 |
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Term
| Political-legal Environment |
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Definition
| component of the marketing environment consisting of laws and interpretations of laws that require firms to operate under competitive conditions and to protect consumer rights. 84 |
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Term
| Government Regulatory Agencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Major Federal Laws Affecting Marketing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| factors that influence consumer buying power and marketing strategies, including stage of the business cycle, inflation, unemployment, income, and resources availability. 89 |
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Term
| Stages in the Business Cycle |
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Definition
| marketers must adjust their strategies accordingly. 89 |
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Term
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Definition
| rising prices caused by some combination of excess demand and increases in the costs of raw materials, component parts, human resources, or other factors of production. 91 |
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Term
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Definition
| is defined as the proportion of people in the economy who do not have jobs and are actively looking for work. 91 |
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Term
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Definition
| process of reducing consumer demand for a agood or service to a level that the firm can supply. 92 |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of money people have to spend after buying necessities such as food, clothing, and housing. 92 |
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Term
| Technological Environment |
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Definition
| application to marketing of knowledge based on discoveries in science, inventions, and innovations. 93 |
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Term
| Social-cultural Environemt |
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Definition
| Components of the marketing environment consisting of the relationship between the marketer and society and its culture. 95 |
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Term
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Definition
| social force within the environment designed to aid and protect the consumer by exerting legal, moral, and economic pressures on business and government. 96 |
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Term
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Definition
| marketer's standards of conduct and moral values. 98 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) The right to choose freely, 2) to be informed, 3) to be heard, 4) to be safe. (definition on page 97) |
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Term
| Ethical Questions in Marketing |
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Definition
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Term
| Ten Steps for Corporations to Improve Standards of Business Ethics |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethical Problems in Distribution Strategy |
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Definition
| Two ethical issues influence a firm's decisions regarding channel strategy: 1&2 (page 101) |
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Term
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Definition
| Marketing philosophies, policies, procedures, and actions that have enhancement of society's welfare as a primary objective. 102 |
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Term
| Four-Step Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| creating products with limited durability. 106 |
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Term
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Definition
| prodcution, promotion, and reclamation of environmentally sensitive products. 107 |
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