Term
| the posterior column is ipsilateral and crosses when it actually gets to the medulla. what does it convey? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many cervical nerves are there? |
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Definition
8 nerves but 7 cervical vertebra. C1 nerve is above the C1 bone . the final C8 nerve is above T1.
there are 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar and 5 sacral nerves |
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Term
| the spinothalamic tract is contralateral. it crosses at the spinal level. which modalities does it convey? |
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Definition
pain
light touch
temperature |
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Term
| motor supply comes from which two tracts? |
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Definition
anterior corticospinal
lateral corticospinal |
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Term
| describe the route messages travel from the motor cortex to the muscles |
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Definition
| motor cortex.. subcortical nuclei and brainstem to spinal cord....nerve roots...peripheral nerves and finally to muscles |
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Term
| describe the root of Upper Motor Neurones (UMN) |
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Definition
| from motor cortex to anterior horn cell of spinal cord |
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Term
| describe the route of lower motor neurones (LMN) |
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Definition
| from anterior horn cell to neuromuscular junction |
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Term
| name two reasons why tone would be increased |
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Definition
pyramidal tract lesions (UMN) causing spasticity
extrapyramidal tract lesions causing rigidity |
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Term
| what causes reduced tone? |
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Definition
LMN lesions they cause flaccidity
abnormal tone will be accompanied by other signs that will help to localise lesions |
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Term
| how can muscle power be graded? |
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Definition
from 0-5
0= complete paralysis
1 = flicker of contraction
2=movement possible with gravity eliminated
3= movement against gravity but not resistance
4= movement against some resistance
5= normal power |
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Term
| motor power for shoulder abduction and adduction |
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Definition
abduction C5/6
adduction C6/7/8 |
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Term
| motor supply for finger ADDUCTION |
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Definition
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Term
| motor supply for elbow flexion and extension |
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Definition
Flexion C5/6
Extension C7/8 |
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Term
| Motor supply for wrist flexion and extension |
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Definition
C6/7 for flexion
C7/8 for extension |
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Term
| motor supply for finger flexion and extension |
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Definition
finger flexion C7/8
extension C7/8 |
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Term
| motor supply for flexion and extension of elbow, wrist and fingers |
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Definition
elbow C5/6 flexion
wrist C6/7
fingers C7/8
extension for elbow, wrist and fingers are C7/8 |
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Term
| motor supply for finger abduction and thumb adduction |
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Definition
T1 , ulnar
fingers abduction ; spread fingers apart and keep them apart
thumb adduction; hold examiners two fingers down with thumb |
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Term
| motor supply for thumb abduction and thumb opposition |
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Definition
T1, median nerve
thumb abduction; ask to to lift thumb towards ceiling
thumb oppostion; make a ring with thumb and index and ask pt to stop you from breaking it |
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Term
| motor supply for hip flexion and extension |
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Definition
hip flexion L2/3
hip extension L5/S1/2 |
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Term
| motor supply for knee flexion and extension |
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Definition
knee flexion L5/S1
knee extension L3/4 |
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Term
| motor supply for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of ankle |
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Definition
dorsiflexion L4
plantarflexion S1/2 |
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Term
| in UMN lesions where is there weakness? |
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Definition
extensors in the arms
flexors in the legs |
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Term
| what pattern of weakness would you see in LMN lesion? |
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Definition
| Distal pattern of weakness predominates, there is involvement of nerve endings and peripheral neuropathy, |
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Term
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Definition
| C6. place finger on suppinator tendon, strike on your fingers and watch brachioradials belly to contract |
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Term
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Definition
C5/6
Clasps pts elbow to feel biceps tendon. strike thumb and observe elbow for flexion |
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Term
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Definition
C7/8
place pts arm across their stomach and flex elbow to 90 degrees.
strike triceps tendon directly and observe for elbow extension or contraction of muscle belly |
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Term
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Definition
C8
ask pt to rest their fingers over your index and middle fingers. their fingers may curl over yours. strike your fingers and observe for flexions.
in UMN lesions they may extend instead |
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Term
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Definition
L3/4
strike patellar tendon directly and observe quadriceps for contract +- knee extension |
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Term
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Definition
S1/2
place left hand on ball of pts foot. passively dorsiflex the ankle and strike your fingers.
observe for plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
L5/S1/2
drag a blunt object on pts sole from the later side towards the big toe. observe for flexion of big toe.
In UMN lesion there may be an extensor reflex instead. |
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Term
| how are reflexes in UMN lesions? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are reflexes in LMN lesions? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe postural changes in UMN and LMN lesions |
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Definition
UMN - upper limbs Flexed/ lower limbs Extended
LMN may be wasting and fasciculation |
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Term
| describe tone in UMN and LMN lesions |
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Definition
UMN increased;spascitiy
LMN reduced;flacidity |
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|
Term
| describe tone in UMN and LMN lesions |
|
Definition
UMN increased;spascitiy
LMN reduced;flacidity |
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|
Term
| describe tone in UMN and LMN lesions |
|
Definition
UMN increased;spascitiy
LMN reduced;flacidity |
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Term
| describe power in UMN and LMN lesions |
|
Definition
UMN - upper limb has weakness of extensors. Lower limbs shows weakness of flexors
LMN - distal weakness |
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Term
| describe reflexes in UMN and LMN lesions |
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Definition
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Term
| describe plantar response in UMN and LMN lesions |
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Definition
UMN - extensor rather than flexor
LMN - flexor or absent |
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Term
|
Definition
| paralysis of one side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| motor and or sensory difficulty with words |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Impaired calculating abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired ability to perform purposeful, familiar tasks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| a temporal lobe lesion maybe motor- expressive or Nominal dysphagia... what do these mean? |
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Definition
Motor- expressive; person understands what is being said, know what they want to say but cannot say it
Nominal Dysphagia; cannot name specific objects e.g. pen but can describe what you do with it e.g., you write with it |
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