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Definition
| earliest document of patients (edwin smith surgical papyrus) |
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Definition
| believed in 4 humours (black & yellow bile, blood, phlegm) |
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Definition
| discovered neurons (brain tissue in silver nitrate) |
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Definition
| Neuron Doctrine (most basic component of nervous system) |
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Definition
| Phrenology (bumps on skull) |
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Definition
| 3 foot rod through brain (foundation for study of biological basis of behavior) |
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Definition
| expressive aphasia (speech deficit) |
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Definition
| receptive aphasia (comprehensive deficit) |
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| Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig |
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Definition
| contralateral control (electrical stimulation in dogs) |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoarchitechtonics (53 different functional areas) |
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Definition
| Father of Motor Control (final common pathway) |
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Definition
| infared corneal reflection (eye movements) |
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Definition
| electromyography (balance and structure) |
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Term
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Definition
| functional magnetic resonance imaging (neural activity by examining cerebral blood flow) |
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Term
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Definition
| electro-encephalography (neural activity is electrical in the brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| used on animals - microelectrode into brain to record electrical activity from neurons during a task |
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Term
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Definition
| lesion studies - send pulse through brain that activates neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| central nervous systems - neurons and glia contained within brain and/or spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral nervous system - neurons and glia not contained within brain and/or spinal cord |
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Definition
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Definition
| perform processing functions |
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Definition
| connected to muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| insulate, support and nourish neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| make up blood/brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| olgiodendrocytes and schwann cells - cover axon of neurons and act as insulator |
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Term
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Definition
| electricity applied to the nerve of a frog caused twitches |
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Term
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Definition
| propagated down the axon; refractory period prevents backward movement of AP |
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Term
| Resting Membrance Potential |
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Definition
| -70 mV inside cell relative to outside of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Na+ ions move inside the cell; -70mV becomes more positive; -55mV an action potential occurs |
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Term
| Repolarization/Hyperpolarization |
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Definition
| K+ ions shift outside of cell; charge is more negative than -70mV; efflux=outward flow |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane gradually returns to -70mV; |
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Term
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Definition
| for an AP to cross, must use neurotransmitters |
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Term
| Synaptic Transmission Nerve to Muscle |
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Definition
| release neurotransmitter Acetylcholine which binds to receptor on muscle membrane - results in electrical stimulation of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents Acetylcholine exocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks acetylcholine receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| turn light into action potentials |
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Term
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Definition
| farsightedness; focal point behind retina (eyeball too short); convex lens by refracting light inward |
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Term
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Definition
| nearsightedness; focal point is in front of retina (eyeball is too long); concave refect light outwards |
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Term
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Definition
| light travels though retinal cells, reflects off back layer of eyeball, stimulates photoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| convert light energy to electrical signals at the retina; |
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Definition
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Definition
| no photoreceptors; blind spot |
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Term
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Definition
| "what"; temporal lobe; face matching |
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Definition
| "where"; parietal lobe; location matching |
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Term
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Definition
| superior rectus (elevation); medial rectus (adduction); inferior rectus (depression); inferior oblique (extorsion) |
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Term
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Definition
| superior oblique (intorsion) |
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Definition
| lateral rectus (abduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| fast back/forth movements (REM sleep) |
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Definition
| track moving objects; image necessary |
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Definition
| 1 finger in front of another; eliminates retinal disparity |
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Definition
| allows you to maintain focus on an object even though your body is moving |
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Definition
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Definition
| receives motor plan from brain, relays it to optic nerves |
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Definition
| sound and balance information; in the inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
| transduce angular acceleration of the head - horizontal NO, posterior YES, anterior/superior DONT KNOW |
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Term
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Definition
| when head rotates, it moves in opposite direction |
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Term
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Definition
| gelatinous structure interrupts fluid flow at ampulla |
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Definition
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Definition
| embedded into the macula and give mass to make it sensitive to head movement |
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Definition
| rapid, involuntary, and predictable responses to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| direct route from sensory neuron to an effector organ |
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Term
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Definition
| Protective mechanism, helps prevent muscle contraction |
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Term
| Flexion-Withdrawal and Crossed-Extension Reflexes |
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Definition
| maintains balance during flexion withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| temp - thermoreceptors; pain - nociceptors; light touch - merkels; painful touch - pacinian |
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Definition
| knowledge of body in space |
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Term
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Definition
| sensitive to changes in muscle length; activated when muscle is stretched; 1a neuron |
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Definition
| sensitive to changes in force/tension; activated when muscle is contracted; 1b neuron |
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Definition
| provide info about joint position in extreme positions |
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Term
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Definition
| carry afferent APs to CNS via dorsal horn |
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Term
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Definition
| carry efferent APs to effector organs |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory impulses to brain |
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Term
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Definition
| motor impulses from brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands |
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Term
| Primary Somatosensory Cortex |
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Definition
| propprioceptive and cutaneous information ascends in different tracts in spinal cord and projects to sensory and parietal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of cortical tissue devoted to each body surface proportional to sensitivity of that part |
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Term
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Definition
| can be drawn from representation of different body parts in S1 |
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