Term
Motor Control - Levels of control
Spinal Cord |
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Definition
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Term
Motor Control - Levels of control
Brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
Motor Control - Levels of control
Cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
Motor Control - Levels of control
Basal Ganglia |
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Definition
Regulation
Inhibition/facilitation |
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Term
Motor Control - Levels of control
Motor Cortex |
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Definition
initiation and regulation of movement
inhibit/facilitate lower levels |
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Term
| Parts of the motor cortex |
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Definition
Primary (BA 4)
1. Precentral gyrus
2. motor homunculus
Pre-Motor (BA 6)
Supplementary Motor (BA 8)
1. intention to move |
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Term
| Inputs to motor cortex - list |
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Definition
1. Prefontal
2. Primary sensory
3. Sensory association
4. Thalamocortical |
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Term
Inputs to motor cortex
Prefrontal |
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Definition
| intention, motivation, goals |
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Term
Inputs to motor cortex
Primary Sensory |
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Definition
| Current muscle status/position |
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Term
Inputs to motor cortex
Sensory Association |
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Definition
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Term
Inputs to motor cortex
Thalamocortical |
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Definition
| excitatory loop; integration with basal ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
Pyramidal Tracts
Extrapyramidal Tracts |
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Term
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Definition
Direct connection between brain and muscles
2 neuron pathway
1. Upper Motor Neuron -> Lower Motor Neuron
2. 1 synapse between brain and muscle |
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Term
| Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) |
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Definition
Cell bodies in motor cortex
Axons project to brain stem
Part of the CNS |
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Term
| Lower Motor Neurons (LMN) |
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Definition
Cell bodies in brain stem or spinal cord
Axons project to muscles
"Final common pathway"
Part of the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
Corticobulbar tracts
Corticospinal tracts |
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Term
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Definition
UMNs end in brain stem
LMNs = Cranial nerves
70% |
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Term
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Definition
UMNs end in spinal cord
LMNs = spinal nerves
30% |
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Term
| Motor Tracts White Matter - list |
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Definition
Corona Radiata
Internal Capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| broad fanning of fibers from cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Tracts converge and pass between structures of basal ganglia |
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Term
| Path of Corticobulbar tract |
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Definition
UMN:
1. cell bodies in motor strip (pre-central gyrus)
2. Axons travel through the corona radiate and internal capsule
3. Cross over in small groups and synapse onto LMN in brain stem
3a. LMN = cranial nerves (e.g. facial)
3b. UMNs for each cranial nerve cross over separately. |
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Term
| Path of Corticospinal tract |
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Definition
UMN:
1. Cell bodies in motor strip (pre-central gyrus)
2. Axons travel through the corona radiate and internal capsule
3. Cross over en mass in medulla (pyramidal decussation) then travel down spinal cord
3a. LMN = spinal nerve |
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Term
| What is the function of a Lower Motor Neuron? |
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Definition
| The output pathway from spinal cord to muscle |
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Term
| What does a Motor Unit contain? (List) |
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Definition
Motor cell body (LMN cell body)
Efferent Axons (LMN Axon)
Motor end place (LMN axon terminal)
Muscle fibers (contain post-synaptic receptors) |
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Term
| What is the motor unit called in the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of Corticospinal Tracts - List |
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Definition
Lateral CS tract
Anterior CS tract |
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Term
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Definition
Cross over at pyramidal decussation
Contralateral spinal cord
90% of CS tract |
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Term
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Definition
Remains ipsilateral down spinal cord
Cross over prior to synapse
10% of CS tract |
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Term
| CS Tracts: Lateral pathway |
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Definition
UMN: cell bodies in pre-central gyrus
1. Axons travel through corona radiate, internal capsule and brain stem
2. Cross over at pyramidal decussation (in the medulla)
3. Travel in lateral corticospinal tract of spinal cord
4. Synapse in ventral horn onto LMN bodies |
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Term
| CS Tracts: Anterior spinal cord |
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Definition
UMN: cell bodies in pre-central gyrus
1. Axons travel through corona radiate, internal capsule and brain stem
2. DO NOT cross over
3. Travel ipsilaterally in anterior corticospinal tract
4. Cross midline and synapse in ventral horn onto LMN cell bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Upper motor neuron
2. Lower motor neuron
3. Corticobulbar tract
4. Medulla Oblongata
5. Pyramids
6. Pyramidal decussation
7. Lateral corticospinal tract
8. Anterior corticospinal tract
a. Corticospinal tract |
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