Term
| Flaccid Dysarthria Site of Lesion |
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Definition
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Term
| Spastic Dysarthria Site of Lesion |
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Definition
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Term
| Ataxic Dysarthria Site of Lesion |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria Site of Lesion |
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Definition
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Term
Hypo Kinetic Dysarthria
Site of Lesion |
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Definition
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Term
Mixed (spastic-flaccid)
Site of Lesion |
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Definition
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Term
Flaccid Dysarthria
OME Evidence |
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Definition
Weakness
Fasciculations
Hypotonia
Muscle atrophy
Flaccid Paralysis |
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Term
Spastic Dysarthria
OME Evidence |
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Definition
Weakness
Slowness
Spastic Paralysis
Limited range of movement
Hyperactive reflexes
Pathological Reflexes |
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Term
Ataxic Dysarthria
OME Evidence |
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Definition
Slow movement
Inaccurate Movements
Hypotonia
Disturbed Gait & Posture
Nystagmus
Tremour
Un-Co
(Rebound Phenomena) |
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Term
Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria
OME Evidence |
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Definition
Quick Involuntary movements
Variable muscle tone/strength |
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Term
Hypo Kinetic Dysarthria
OME Evidence |
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Definition
Slow Movements
Hypokinesia
Resting Tremor
Stooped Posture
Rigidity
Masked Face |
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Term
Mixed (spastic-flaccid)
OME Evidence |
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Definition
Weakness
Slow Movement
Limited range of movement |
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Term
Flaccid Dysarthria
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
Nasal Emission
Audible inspiration
Hyper nasality
Imprecise consonants
Mono pitch/loudness
Short Phrases
Breathiness |
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Term
Spastic Dysarthria
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
Strained/strangled
Slow rate
Imprecise consonants
Low Pitch
Mono.pitch/loudness
Harshness
Hyper nasality
short phrases
breathiness |
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Term
Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
variable rate
inappropriate silences
excess loudness variations
sudden force of inspiration and expirations
Slow and irregular AMR's
Irregular artic breakdowns |
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Term
Hypo Kinetic Dysarthria
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
Mono pitch/loudness
reduced loudness
inappropriate silences
increased overall rate
Repeated phonemes (palilalia)
breathiness
harshness
rapid & blurred AMR's |
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Term
Mixed (spastic-flacced)
MN
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
Hyper nasality
imprecise consonants
strained strangled
laboured slow speech
mono pitch/loudness
short phrases |
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Term
Ataxic Dysarthria
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
Prolonged phonemes
Irregular articulatory breakdowns
Excess and equal stress
Excessive variations of loudness
Harshness
Mono pitch/loudness
Distorted vowels |
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Term
Flaccid Dysarthria
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
Stroke
Myasthenia Gravis
Bulbar Palsy
Facial Palsy (belles) |
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Term
Spastic Dysarthria
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
Stroke
Trauma
Spastic Cerebral Palsy |
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Term
Ataxic Dysarthria
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
Stroke
Trauma
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
Toxins
Infection |
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Term
Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
Huntington's
Stroke (slow) |
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Term
Hypo Kinetic Dysarthria
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
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Term
Mixed (spastic-flaccid)
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
ALS
Trauma
Stroke
Motor Neuron Disease |
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Term
Mixed (spastic-ataxic)
Medical Conditions |
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Definition
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Term
Mixed (spastic-ataxic)
Key Speech Features |
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Definition
Hyper nasality
Impaired loudness and pitch control
reduced stress
inappropriate pitch level
breathiness
impaired articulation |
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Term
Flaccid Dysarthria
Patient Complaints |
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Definition
Weakness
Decreased reflexes |
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Term
Spastic Dysarthria
Patient Complaints |
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Definition
Slow speech rate
increased effort to speak
fatigue
while speaking
chewing and swallowing difficulties
emotional liability |
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Term
Ataxic Dysarthria
Patient Complaints |
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Definition
Drunk speech
stumbling over words
biting tongue
poor co-ordination of breathing with speech |
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Term
Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria
Patient Complaints |
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Definition
Effortful speech
involuntary oral movements
chewing and swallowing difficulties |
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Term
Hypo Kinetic Dysarthria
Patient Complaints |
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Definition
Decreased loudness
rapid rate
mumbling or stuttering
difficulty initiating speech
masked facial expression |
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Term
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Definition
Affects muscles of larynx and levator muscles of soft palate
Lesions affect- phonation
- Resonance
Lesions of nucleus ambiguous or vagus nerve near brainstem = paralysis of all muscles supplied by vagus nerve. |
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Term
Bilateral Vagus Nerve Lesions
Phonation |
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Definition
Breathy Voice
Audible inhalation
Very short phrases
Mono pitch/loudness |
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Term
Bilateral Vagus Nerve Lesions
Resonance |
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Definition
Hypernasality
Nasal Emission
Decrease 'sharpness' of consonant precision |
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Term
| Phrenic and Intercostal Nerve Lesions |
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Definition
Respiration provides power source (air) of speech
Respiration hypofunction:
decrease tidal volume
decreased vital capacity
impaired control of expiration
therefore, speech:
short phrases
decreased pitch and loudness |
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Term
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Definition
VF paralysis on affect side- slightly abducted position
Soft palate affected- some hyper nasality
Breathiness and hoarseness common with diplophonia and reduced pitch also occuring |
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Term
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Definition
Both VF paralysed (can't be abducted of adducted)
Bilateral impairment in soft palate elevation |
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Term
Causes of Vagus Nerve Lesion
Lateral Medullary Syndrome |
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Definition
| Caused by CVA- occlusion of posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery or later medullary artery: Dysphagia, dysphonia, nausea vomiting, soft palate paralysis. |
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Term
| Recurrent Laryngeal nerve lesions: |
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Definition
Occasionally occur in thyroidectomy
VF's paralysed in paramedian position (same side as lesion)
Harshness, reduced loudness. |
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Term
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Definition
jam movement
unilateral lesion: minimal speech effects
Bilateral lesion: severe speech effects. Inability to elevate jaw-too weak to approximate upper and lower jaw, therefore, can't achieve lip and tongue contacts. |
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Term
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Definition
Unilateral: distortions of bilabials, labiodentals and plosives.
Bilateral: gross distortion of consonants above. |
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Term
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Definition
impaired tongue movements
unilateral: flaccid paralysis of tongue on same side as lesion. Minimal speech effects: patient will learn to compensate.
Bilateral: severely restricted tongue movement. All consonants requiring anterior tongue contacts effected (eg. t,d,n,s) |
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Term
| Multiple Cranial Nerve Lesions: |
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Definition
most severe form of flaccid dysarthria (bulbar palsy)
severe cranial nerves involves]d
therefore, affects lips, jam, tongue, soft palate, and larynx to varying degrees.
Speech: impaired consonant production(artic)
hypernasality with nasal emission (velopharyngeal)
breathiness, harshness, mono pitch and loudness (laryngeal) |
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Term
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Definition
Sufficient for function, reserve
Most often impaired in lower motor neuron lesions (i.e., associated with flaccid
dysarthria) |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive speed is uncommon in dysarthria, except hypokinetic dysarthria
• Slow speed more common. Movements slow to begin, slow in course, slow to
stop or relax
• Impaired speed of movement can occur at all major speech valves and
throughout all components of speech
Strongly influences prosody
Impairment is most apparent in upper motor neuron lesions (i.e., associated with
spastic dysarthria) but also present in other dysarthria types |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased range is common in dysarthria and may occur in context of slow,
normal or excessively rapid rate
Variability in range is common in ataxic and hyperkinetic dysarthria
Strongly influences prosody and may effect all components of speech |
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Term
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Definition
• Involuntary movement or hyperkinesias
• Tremor: alternative, repetitive, relatively rhythmic oscillations of a body part
o resting tremor
o postural tremor
o action tremor
o intention tremor
o Most commonly influences respiration and phonation
o Easily detected during sustained vowel duration
• Dystonia, dyskinesia, chorea or athetosis
o may be present at rest, during sustaine |
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Term
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Definition
• Excessive or reduced (common in flaccid dysarthria, spastic dysarthria,
hypokinetic dysarthria, hyperkinetic dysarthria)
• Provides stable framework upon which rapid movements can be superimposed
• Alterations in tone may effect all components of speech |
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Term
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Definition
Movement requires accurate planning, modulation, timing and coordination of
range, steadiness, tone, strength and speed
Alterations may affect all components of speech, but most easily perceived in
assessment of articulation and prosody
All types of dysarthria may be characterized by inaccuracy of movement |
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