Term
| Which skull fossae is NOT located in the supratentoial level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures are located in the posterior fossa level? |
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Definition
| brainstem, cerebellum, cranial nerves III- VIII, tectum, and tegmentum. |
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Term
| What three structures comprise the brainstem. |
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Definition
| pons, medulla oblangota, and midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| the area dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct that includes the inferior and superior colliculi. |
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Term
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Definition
| area ventral to the central aquaduct that contain white matter pathways. |
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| Known as the "little brain," it has a major role in speech. It functions to coordinate muscle groups for smooth flow of movements. |
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Term
| damage to the cerebellum result in: |
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Definition
| truncal ataxia, disturbances in gait, nystagmus, limb ataxia, hypotonia, intentional tremor and incoordination |
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Term
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Definition
| inability ot stand or sit without swaying or falling. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F We have several spinal nerves that innervate the speech mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F All cranial nerves are lower motor neurons and are fed by an UMN from the motor strip |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the fossas located in the skull. |
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Definition
| anterior fossa, middle fossa, and posterior fossa |
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Term
| What is the final common pathway? |
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Definition
| ALL motor systems coming out of the cortex to the muscles MUST FINALLY pass through the lowest level of organization or the LOWER MOTOR NEURON LEVEL. |
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Term
| Where are motor nuclei of the cranial nerves located? |
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Definition
| brainstem or bulbar level |
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Term
| What cranial nerves are associated with speech and voicing? |
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Definition
| CN V - trigeminal nerve, CN VII - facial nerve, CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve, CN X - vagus nerve, CN XI - accessory nerve, CN XII - hypoglossal nerve |
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Term
| What cranial nerve is THE major SENSORY nerve of the face? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major divisions of the trigeminal nerve? |
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Definition
| Opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular |
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Term
| The maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve provides sensation to what areas? |
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Definition
| maxilla and maxillary sinus, oral mucous membranes of mouth, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharynx, teeth, inferior auditory meatus (eustacian tube), face, and meninges of anterior & middle fossa |
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Term
| What is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mandibular branch provides motor innervation to what areas? |
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Definition
| tensor veli palatini (velum), tensor tympani (middle ear), jaw muscles, and extrinisic larynx |
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Term
| The mandibular branch provides SENSORY innervation to what areas? |
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Definition
| face, cornea, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, meninges, tympanic membrane, TMJ |
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Term
| what affect does a lesion of the LMN of CN V have? |
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Definition
| paresis or paralysis; atrophy of masticatory muscles on affected side. |
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Term
| What motor areas does the facial nerve (CN VII) affect? |
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Definition
| stapedius muscle and muscles of the face. |
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Term
| What sensory areas are affected by the facial nerve (CN VII)? |
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Definition
| Subandibular, sublingal and lacrimal glands; taste reception, anterior 2/3 of tongue, hard and soft palates |
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Term
| LMN lesions of CN VII have what affect? |
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Definition
| Paralysis of the entire IPSILATERAL side of the face. |
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Term
| UMN lesions of CN VII have what affect? |
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Definition
| Paralysis of lower face on CONTRALATERAL side of the face |
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Term
| Cranial nerve that originates from the medulla that's name indicates its distribution. |
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Definition
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Term
| What areas does CN IX impact motorically? |
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Definition
| stylopharyngeus muscle and parotid gland |
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Term
| What areas are affected by CN IX (Sensory) |
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Definition
| carotid body & carotid sinus, posterior 1/3 of the tongue, skin of the external ear & internal surface of the tympanic membrane, and taste on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. |
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Term
| Which cranial nerve mediates the gag reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reduced pharyngeal sensation, decreased gag reflex, reduced hyolaryngeal elevation during swallowing, excessive saliva due to reduced control of parotid gland. |
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Term
| Areas of affect (motorically) for the CN X |
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Definition
| Pharynx, tongue & larynx striated muscles and pharynx & glands, thoracic & abdominal viscera (smooth muscles) |
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Term
| areas affected by CN X (sensory) |
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Definition
| larynx, trachea, esophagus, thorax & abdominal viscera, and stretch and chemoreceptors in aorta; skin on back of the ear & external auditory meatus, part of external surface of the typmanic membrane & pharynx |
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Term
| What are the branches of the vagus nerve? |
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Definition
| pharyngeal superior, laryngeal recurrent, and pharyngeal |
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Term
| what is the motor innervation for CN IX? |
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Definition
| sternomastoid and trapezius muscles |
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Term
| Lesions at foramen magnum or juglar foramen of CN XI result in: |
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Definition
| weak head roation to opposite side of lesion; weakened sternocleidomastoid muscle, and paresis for elevating and shrugging shoulders on side of lesion. |
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Term
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Definition
| an upaired nerve that serves the contralateral side of all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except the palataoglossus muscle) |
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Term
| lesions of the CN XII result in: |
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Definition
| protruded tongue deviates to the opposite side as the lesion. |
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