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Motor Speech lecture 1
Introduction to Motor Speech disorders
14
Science
Graduate
10/01/2010

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Term
Normal speech requires the integrity and integration of...
Definition
cognitive-linguistic processes, motor speech programming, and neuromuscular execution
Term
cognitive-linguistic process
Definition
organization and conversion of verbal "symbols" based on rules of language as stimulated from the external environment, thoughts, ideas, memory and emotions.
Term
name the impairments of the cognitive-linguistic processes
Definition
Dysphasia (imparied language) and Aphasia (without language)
Term
definition of cognitive-linguistic impairment
Definition
A multimodality reduction in the capacity to decode (interpret) & encode (formulate) meaningful linguistic elements, that is, words (morphemes) & larger syntactic units. It is manifested in difficulties with listening, reading, speaking, & writing.
Term
Definition of Motor speech programming
Definition
organization of the intended message for neuromuscular execution. It involves the selection & organization of sensorimotor programs that activate specific muscles or groups of muscles.
Term
definition of neuromuscular execution
Definition
motor "programs" transmitted through central and peripheral nervous systems that innervate the muscles of respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation.
Term
Impairment of motor speech programming is known as:
Definition
dyspraxia (impaired programming) or apraxia (without programming)
Term
What is the basis of apraxia
Definition
certain brain circuits devoted specifically to the programming of articulatory movements are impaired.
Term
muscle contractions result in...
Definition
altering positions & movements of structures, thus producing an acoustic signal.
Term
impairment of neuromuscular execution
Definition
dysarthria (impaired articulation) Anarthria (without articulation)
Term
dysarthria (defined)
Definition
a group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control...due to damage to the central or peripheral nervous system (with) some degree of weakness, incoordination, or altered muscle tone.
Term
definition of motor speech disorders
Definition
Disorders resulting from neurologic impairment affecting the motor programming or neuromuscular execution of speech.
Term
name to broad types of motor speech disorders
Definition
speech apraxia, the dysarthrias
Term
Name other neurologic disorders that are not considered motor speech disorders
Definition
neurogenic stuttering, palilalia, echolalia, aprosodia, pseudo-foreign dialect, and akinetic mutism
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