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| 3 characteristics of skill classification |
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Definition
1.Way the task is organized
2.The importance of relative and cognitive elements
3.Level of environmental predictability |
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| defined by beginning and end usually very brief in duration |
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| several discrete actions connected in a sequence often with order of actions being crucial for success |
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| skill where action unfolds without a recognizable beginning and end in an ongoing and often repetitive fashion |
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| skill where primary determinant of success is quality of performers decisions regarding what to do |
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| is performed in an environment that is unpredictable and requires performers to adapt their movements in response |
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| skill performed in predictable environment that allows performers to plan their movements |
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| the observable production of a voluntary action, or a motor skill. |
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| changes associated with practice or experience in internal processes |
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| improvements that occur in a persons capability for correct responding as a result of repeated performance attempts and without the person's awareness of what caused the improvements |
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| performed with little attention to or conscious awareness of skill execution |
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| tentative description of a system that captures many of its known properties |
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| Stable enduring differences among indivduals performances often attrutible to differences in their abilities |
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| information that people receive for processing |
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1. stimulus identification
2. Response selection
3. Response Programming |
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| First stage of information processing; input is detected and identified |
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| second stage of information processing; decided if and which response should be made |
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| third stage of information processing; motor system is organized to produce the desired movement |
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| motor behavior or action produced as a result of information processing |
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| interval of time that elapses from the sudden presentation of a stimulus to the beginning of a persons response |
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| interval of time that elapses between the presentation of one of several possible stimuli and the beginning of one of several possible responses |
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| interval of time between the presentation of a warning signal and the presentation of a stimulus |
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| the interval of time that elapses between the presentation of one possible stimulus and the beginning of the associated response |
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| Stable relationships exists between the number of stimulus response alternatives and choice reaction time; specifically as the logarithm of the number of stimulus response pairs increases choice reaction time increases linearly. |
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Term
| Stimulus response compatibility |
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Definition
| degree to which the relationship between a stimulus and an associated response is natural |
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Definition
| predicting what is going to happen before the signal is presented |
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Definition
| predicting when a signal to respond is going to happen or predicting the time course of a sequence of events |
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| 3 factors influencing reaction time and decision making |
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Definition
1. number of stimulii
2. practice
3. stimulus response compatibility |
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Definition
| level of activation of the CNS; caries from extremely low levels during sleep to extremely high levels during intense physical or mental activity |
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| a persons uneasiness or distress about future uncertainties; perception of threat to the self |
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| relationship between arousal level and performance; as arousal level increases performance improves but only to a point. If arousal continues to increase, performance begins to be degraded |
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Definition
| persons general disposition to perceive situations as threatening |
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Term
| zone of optimal functioning |
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Definition
| range of arousal levels associated with a persons max perormance |
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Term
| individual affect related performance zone |
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Definition
| emotional reaction of individual performers in various competitive situations |
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Definition
| narrowing of attentional focus that occurs as a persons arousal level increases |
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Term
| cue utilization hypothesis |
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Definition
| explanation for performance decrements under conditions of low and high arousal; perceptual narrowing under high arrousal causes relevant cues in the periphery to be missed |
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Definition
| TECHNIQUES FOR REGULATING AROUSAL THAT USE SOMATIC ACTIVITY TO RELAX OR ENERGIzE THE MIND |
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| techniques for regulating arousal that use cognitive activity to relax or energize the muscles |
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Definition
| limited mental resource or a capacity to process info |
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| limited attentional capacity |
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Definition
| the notion that attention is limited to at most a few activities at any one time |
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| type of info processing that allows people to handle two or more streams of info at same time |
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| competition between the response to color word and ink color in which it is presented; this effect shows that two stimuli can be processed simultaneously |
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| type of info processing that is slow sequential attention demanding and voluntary |
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| type of information processing that is fast parallel not attention demanding and often involuntary |
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Definition
| developed with practice that allow skilled performers to handle certain info processing tasks automatically |
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Term
| consistent stimulus response mapping |
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Definition
| performance condition for which a given stimulus pattern always requires the same response |
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Term
| varied stimulus response mapping |
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Definition
| performance condition for which a given stimulus pattern requires different responses in different situations |
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Term
| double stimulation paradigm |
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Definition
| research design requiring seperate reactions to two different stimuli presented together closely in time |
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Definition
| length of time seperating the onsets of two stimuli in a double stimulation paradigm |
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| psychological refractory period |
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Definition
| delay in a persons eaction time to the second of two closely spaced stimuli compared with the persons reaction time to the second stimulus presented by itself |
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| act of organizing and producing several movements as a single unit |
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Definition
| persistence of the capacity for knowledge or action; |
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Term
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Definition
1. short term sensory store
2. short term memory
3. long term memory |
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Definition
| most peripheral memory system, which holds incoming information by modality until the person identifies it; believed to be almost unlimited in capacity but brief in duration |
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Definition
| memory system that allows people to retrieve, rehearse, process, and transfer info from short term sensory store |
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Definition
| memory system that holds info and life experiences; believe to be vast in capacity and unlimited in duration |
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