Term
| What are the two perennial questions asked by motivational psychology? |
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Definition
1. What causes behavior?
2. Why does behavior vary in intensity? |
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Term
| What is a "grand theory"? |
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Definition
| An all-encompassing theory that seeks tot explain the full range of motivated action. It identifies a single cause that fully explains a phenomenon. |
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Term
| What are the three grand theories? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long have courses in Motivation existed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of science is the study of motivation and emotion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does research on motivation and emotion seek to do? |
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Definition
| Construct theories on how motivational processes work. |
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Term
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Definition
| The energizing and/or directing of behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| An internal process that energizes and directs behavior. |
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Term
| What are the three recognized types of motives? |
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Definition
1. Needs
2. Cognitions
3. Emotions |
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Term
| What are external events? |
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Definition
| Environmental, social and cultural sources of motivation that have the capacity to energize and direct behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditions within the individual that are essential for the maintanence of life, and for growth and well-being. |
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Term
| What are two examples of biological needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two examples of psychological needs? |
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Definition
| Competence and belongingness. |
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Term
| What are three types of needs? |
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Definition
1. Physiological
2. Psychological
3. Social |
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Term
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Definition
Mental events.
This source of motivation revolves around the person's way of thinking. |
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Term
| What are three categories of cognitive sources of motivation? |
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Definition
1. Plans and goals
2. Beliefs and expectations
3. The self |
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Term
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Definition
| Short-lived, subjective-physiological-functional-expressive phenomena that orchestrate how we react adaptively to the important events in our lives. |
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Term
| What four interrelated aspects of experience do emotions organize and orchestrate? |
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Definition
1. Feelings
2. Physiological Preparedness
3. Function
4. Expression |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective, verbal descriptions of an emotional experience. |
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Term
| What is "physiological preparedness"? |
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Definition
| how our body physically prepares itself to meet situational demands |
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Term
| What is "function"? (In relation to emotions.) |
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Definition
| what we specifically want to accomplish at that moment. |
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Term
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Definition
| how we communicate our emotional experience publically to others. |
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Term
| What are the eight aspects of behavior that express the presence, intensity, and quality of motivation? |
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Definition
Attention
Effort
Latency
Persistence
Choice
Probability of Response
Facial Expressions
Bodily Gestures |
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Term
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Definition
| the behavioral intensity, emotional quality, and personal investment in another person's involvement during an activity. |
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Term
| What are the four key factors of engagement? |
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Definition
Behavioral
Emotional
Cognitive
Voice |
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Term
| What is "behavioral engagement"? |
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Definition
| on-task attention, effort, and persistence. |
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Term
| What is "emotional engagement"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "cognitive engagement"? |
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Definition
| sophisticated learning and problem solving strategies, self-regulation |
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Term
| What is "voice"? (in reference to engagement) |
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Definition
| self-expression, participation |
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Term
| What are the six brain/physiological activities that act as expressions of motivation? |
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Definition
Brain
Hormonal
Cardiovascular
Ocular
Electrodermal
Skeletal |
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Term
| What are the advantages of self-report questionnaires? |
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Definition
- easy to administer
- can be given to many people simultaneously
- can target specific information |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of self-report questionnaires? |
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Definition
- person may be unable or unwilling to take self-report
- person may have unconcious motivations
- person may lie
- person's answers may be affected by how they think they should answer |
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Term
| What are the four ways in which changes in motivation overtly express themselves? |
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Definition
- behavior
- engagement
- brain activation/physiological needs
- self report |
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Term
| How can you know someone is motivated? |
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Definition
- Knowledge of antecedents
- Self report
- inferred from behavior/choices
- inferred from physiology/bodily changes |
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