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Motivation
Chapter 7*
26
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2010

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Term
Motivation
Definition
Goal-directed behavior
Term
Theories of Motivation
Definition
1. Instinct - Freud's eros and thanatos
2. Drive - Hull;s tension reduction
3. Growth motivation - Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Term
Instinct Theory
Definition
what motivates or guides our behavior are these instincts
-Eros – life instinct, leads us toward survival, love, sex
- Thanatos – death instinct, compete, destroy
Term
Drive Theory
Definition
Hull's tension and reduction/we begin with a biological need (infancy) create tension emotionally and we have drive to reduce tension
Term
Growth Motivation
Definition
Maslow's hierarchy of needs/that motivates us in a particular way, our goal is to reach self-fulfillment (self-actualization) which is achieved through completing lower needs
Term
Achievement Motivation
Definition
1. Need to achieve theory- McClelland
2. Attributin theory
Term
Need to Achieve Theory
Definition
McClelland; person & situation factors/Person
Achieve success = motivated to achieve success, more likely to take risks and usually achieve success
Avoid failure = fear of failure, don’t try because if you don’t try you can’t fail>passivity
Situation
Probability = how likely are you going to be successful, the most successful people like the lowest level of probability
Value = what value is it if you achieve
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
to what do we attribute ours and others achievements
1. causality (internal v external)
2. stability (stable v unstable)
3. specificity (global v specific)
4. controllability (in one's control v out of one's control)
5. effects on emotions, motivation, expectations
Term
Causality
Definition
(internal v. external) – what caused this to happen (internal=something about the person) or (external=caused by the situation not the person)
Term
Stability
Definition
(stable v. unstable) – is it something that is stable, unlikely to change or something unstable, likely to change
Term
Specificty
Definition
Term
Controllability
Definition
Term
Effects on emtions
Definition
A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and by characteristic overt expression (the behavioral component)
Term
Effects on motivation
Definition
Term
Effects on expectations
Definition
Term
Theories of Emotion
Definition
1. James-Lange theory
2. Schacter & Singer Theory
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
stimulus then physiological response leads us to the emotion
event—arousal—perception--emotion
Term
Schacter & Singer Theory
Definition
we see the stimulus then autonomic arousal; crying and laughing at the same time-we look to our environment and see how to react
event—arousal—perception—
cognition------emotion
Term
Human Sexual Response Cycle
Definition
1. Stages - desire, excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
2. Gender diferences
Term
Stages of Human Sexual Response
Definition
1. desire
2. excitement
3. plateau
4. orgasm
5. resolution
Term
Desire
Definition
culture, what makes the person find someone attractive or what they want
Term
Excitement
Definition
see physiological phase; blood flow-erection for men
Term
Plateau
Definition
arousal is much higher, increase in heart rate and blood rate
Term
Orgasm
Definition
sense of relief from tension, accompanied by muscle contractions-last 8/10th of a second each; heart rate spike-ejaculation
Term
Resolution
Definition
everything goes back to normal
Term
Gender Differences
Definition
Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability
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