Term
| Instrumental-Incremental Concept of Ability |
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Definition
| an individuals beliefs about their own ability, like a skill, can be increased through practice and effort |
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Term
| Entity Concept of Ability |
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Definition
| ability is a stable trait of which individuals have a fixed amount and which is only modertately affected by practice and effort |
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Term
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Definition
| People's appraisal of their own value |
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Term
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Definition
| Making statements or engaging in behaviors with the explicit goal of influencing other's judgments of oneself |
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Term
Chapter 6 Summary
Perceptions of Ability |
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Definition
No one likes to feel incompetent, thus people use strategies to avoid failure and looking incompetent.
Covington and Berry point out short term goal of avoiding such will undermine long term learning and performance.
Self Confidence is being able to succeed (high self efficacy) is an essential ingredient for effective learning |
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Term
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Definition
| Not trying as a consequence of a belief that rewards are not contingent upon one's behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceptions of the cause of outcomes |
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Term
| Capacity (agency) Beliefs |
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Definition
| Beliefs about the extent to which a person has access to those means |
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Term
| Strategy (means-ends) beliefs |
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Definition
| Beliefs about the extent to which certain strategies or means are sufficient to cause a particular ends |
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Term
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Definition
| Beleifs about whether reinfrocement is contingent upon one's behavior or characteristic |
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Term
| Interpersonal Attributions |
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Definition
| Where individuals make judgments about the causes of others' outcomes. Similar to self attributions can produce particular emotions as well as other behavioral process |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness of what capabilities, strategies, and resources are needed to perform a task effectively |
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Term
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Definition
| regulating one's own behavior (e.g. planning and evaluating the effectiveness of ongoing activities) |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals exercise control over the environment, which in turn influences their own behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Engaging in a behavior as a result of observing the consequences to another individual engaging in it |
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Term
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Definition
| personal judgments of performance capabilities on a particular type of task at a particular point in time |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavior Modification |
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Definition
| Strategies for changing behavior that involve changing beliefs and expectation, and encouraging a more active role for the person whose behavior is being changed |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive strategies used to enhance one's own learning-such as goal setting, plannin, note taking, rehearsing, creating and using mnemonics, checking for understanding, and making and testing inferences and predictions |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior change that occurs as a result of self-recording of behavior |
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Term
Verbal Persuasion
"hear it" |
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Definition
| encouragemtn that influences self-efficacy judgments |
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Term
Physiological Arousal
"Feel it" |
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Definition
| bodily reaction towards environment that affects sefl-efficacy judgment |
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Term
Actual Experience
"Do it" |
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Definition
| past successes and failures that raises or lowers self efficacy judgments |
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Term
Vicarious Experiences
"See it" |
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Definition
| watching another person perform a task that afects one's self-perceptions of efficacy |
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Term
| Intermittent (partial) Reinforcement |
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Definition
The reinforcement of some but not all occurances of a response
ex: teacher praises some but not all correct answers |
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Term
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Definition
a stimulus that acquires the ability to control behavior because of its association with reinforcement or punishment
ex: teacher standing in front of the classroom |
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Term
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Definition
Behavior is influenced by the presence of a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment
ex: students become quiet as teacher enters room |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that behavior will occur or not occur becuase a similar behavior has been positively reinforced or punished |
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