Term
| Precursor to Indoleamines |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dysphoria, Motor Retardation, social withdrawal in infants after maternal loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated in darkness, produced by the pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide from Pituitary: Controls Adrenal Cortex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cranial nerve 5, innervates all major organs, carries parasympathetic information, uses Acetylcholine as primary transmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenal Hormone That Stimulates Sodium Retention in the Kidneys |
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Term
Raphe Nucleus: Location
NT Involved in Stimulation: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Catecholamine, Most associated with arousal, alertness, activation. |
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Term
| Where is the most amount of steroid binding in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st Cousin Relatedness Coefficient |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Maximization of your and your relative's genes |
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Term
| Extension of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Structure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the pituitary gland, peptide hormone that affects kidney permeability, regulates water, glucose, and salt in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by Adrenal Cortex, basic 17 carbon structure |
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Term
| Lipostatic Regulation of Appetite |
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Definition
| Long term, animals compensate for overfeeding/underfeeding, Leptin (peptide) released from adipose cells--> reduces appetite. Leptin also modulates NPY activity in brain |
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Term
| Hypothalamus Neurosecretion |
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Definition
| Paraventricular/Supraoptic nuclei-->posterior pituitary-->secreting hormones oxytocin/vasopressin--General circulation |
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Term
| Estrous/Menstrual Cycle Hormones |
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Definition
| Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. Estrogen rises preovulation-->Surge in pituitary peptide LH Mid-cycle-->Ovulation-->Progesterone release-->Fertilization or Fall of Progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| CRF (Hypothalamus)-->Pituitary ACTH release-->Adrenal Cortisol Release-->Hypothalamus/Pituitary receipt of cortisol-->Dampening of ACTH output |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary Secretions |
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Definition
| ACTH, Endorphins, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, TSH |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary Secretions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Orgasm, Associated with bonding/attachment, affects partner preference, stimulates milk ejection (mothers) following milk production by prolactin. Released in large amounts following distention of the cervix/uterus during labour |
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Term
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Definition
| Promotes milk production, injected into brain promotes nurturance in virgin rats |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced play, Obesity (less response to internal satiety cues) whereas lateral causes failure to eat |
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Term
| 3 Types of Vicarious Learning |
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Definition
| Contagion, Imitation, Modeling |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks down catecholamines and indoleamines |
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Term
| Why are androgens higher in dominant mammalian males? |
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Definition
| Androgens (released by the adrenal cortex) rise in consequence to victory and contact with females. |
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Term
| What is fear associated with? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic nervous system arousal, adrenal activation, central catecholamine activation |
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Term
| What hormone is released in response to LH? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pituitary produces LH, under control of GnRH from Hypothalamus. LH stimulates production of Testosterone from Testes. Testosterone acts on various sites, selectively binds limbic system in brain. Testosterone at pituitary + hypothalmus act to regulate subsequent production of LH. |
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Term
| What is polygyny and differential reproductive success among males responsible for? |
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Definition
| Evolution of mammalian dimorphism in aggression |
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Term
| Severely depressed people have elevated what? |
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Definition
| Cortisol (in evening, healthy subjects in morning) |
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Term
| What are autonomic responses, behavioural responses, the hypothalamus, and cutaneous thermal receptors all involved in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Infanticide by a female mouse is made more likely by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is aggression in people influenced? |
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Definition
| Social modelling and biological factors |
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Term
| Is the thalamus involved in pain perception? |
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Definition
| Yes, spinothalamic tract from dorsal horn of the spinal cord |
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Term
| Cortisol binds which of the following most: Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, amygdala, pineal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Acute Stress Response |
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Definition
| Sympathetic NS activation, Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, Central catecholamine release, CRF (Hypothalamus)-->ACTH-->Adrenal cortex-->Cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| Prolonged HPA activation, CRF produces ACTH, B-Endorphin produces corticosteroids in Adrenal Cortex. CRF causes direct anxiogenic effects. ACTH -->adrenal cortex + brain (increase catecholamine). Corticosteroids (Bind selectively in limbic)-->increased metabolism, decreased immune response, inhibited growth, reproduction, immunity. Moderate levels of MAO breaks down Serotonin, Dopamine, and Norepinephrine-->positive affect. Chronically high cortisol = depression |
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Term
| What determines sexual differentiation of mammalian hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Presence or absence of perinatal (or prenatal) testosterone surge (Acts on Sexually Dimorphic Nuclei of the Preoptic Area, SDN-POA) |
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Term
| Appeasement gestures in primates include? |
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Definition
| Grinning, female sexual postures, withdrawal or fleeing, self-minimizing postures |
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Term
| Developing girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): |
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Definition
| Show some masculinization of sexually dimorphic behaviour |
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Term
| What is secreted from the pituitary gland during sexual climax (orgasm) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which indoleamine is released in darkness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulation of these receptors will diminish anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| Cortisol can inhibit activity of this enzyme in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of depression is characterized in orphaned babies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Injecting of this substance can induce panic attacks |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most abundant androgen produced by the adrenal gland |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of the first synapse in an afferent pain message (after sensed by free nerve endings)? |
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Definition
| Dorsal Horn of Spinal Cord |
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