Term
| Sulfonamides: prevents folic acid formation, use for UTI's, SE: nephrotoxic |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillins: inhibit cell wall synthesis, gram (+) infections, SE: hypersensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins: inhibits cell wall synthesis, gram (+) some gram (-), lower incidence of side affects |
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Definition
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Term
| Tetracyclines: bind to ribosomes, wide spectrum, SE: dental discoloration and photosensitivity, dont give with antacids or dairy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amingoglycosides: bind to ribosomes, serious life threatening gram (-) infections, SE: nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| Quinolones: alters DNA, wide range of usage, SE: superinfections |
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Definition
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Term
| Macrolides: binds to ribosomes, wide range of usage, SE: lower incidence |
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Definition
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Term
| Other antibiotics: bactericidal, used for MRSA, SE: nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| Antivirals: prevent viral replication, SE: destroys host cells along with virus, watch bone marrow function |
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Definition
| Acyclovir, Zidovudine, Indinavir |
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Term
| Antifungals: fungal infections, SE: cardiac dysrhythmias, premedicate with amphotericin |
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Definition
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Term
| Antitubercular: mycobacterium infections, SE: hepatotoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrates: dilate coronary arteries, used for angina, SE: headache, hypotension; monitor blood pressure, blacks need a higher dose |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV antiarrhythmic): decreases HR, BP, and contractility, used for angina hypertention, and atrial fibrilation, SE: hypotension; check BP and HR |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile acid sequestrants: prevents cholestoral absorption by by binding bile acids; used for hyperlipidemia; SE: GI distress; take with meals |
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Definition
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Term
| Statins: inhibit enzyme necessary for cholesterol formation; used for elevated LDL; SE: myopathies; give at evening meal |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibric acid derrivatives: activates a lipase that breaks down cholesterol, increases HDL; used for elevated triglycerides; N/V/D; give with meals |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta blockers (Class II antiarrythmias): block B1 receptors, decreases heart rate, BP, contractility; used for MI, hypertension, CHF; SE: bronchospasm; blacks have lower BP response |
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Definition
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Term
| Niacin: breaks down LDL, increases HDL; used with hyperlipidemias; SE: flushing; given in very large dosages, causes elevated liver enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticoagulants: prevents clots; used for ACS, atrial fibrilation, DVT, emboli; SE: bleeding |
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Definition
Heparin (monitor PTT, reverse with protamine)
Warfarin (monitor PT, reverse with vitamin K) |
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Term
| Anti-platelet adhesion: binds to platelet and prevents adhesion; used for ACS; SE: bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| Thrombolytics: dissolves clots; used for MI, emboli, and thromboses; SE: bleeding, hypotension, arrhythmias |
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Definition
| Streptokinase (can't be given again for another year) |
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Term
| Class I antiarrhythmics: stabilizes resting membrane potential; used for ventricular dysrythmias; SE: arrhythmias, CNS effects, hypotension |
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Definition
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Term
| Class III antiarrhythmics: delays repolarization; used for life threatening dysrhythmias; SE: pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, proarrythmic; most effective drug available |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac glycosides: positive inotrope, negative chronotrope and dromotrope; used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation; SE: proarrhythmic, headache; hold if BP <60 |
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Definition
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Term
| Catecholamines: stimulate andrenergic receptors; used for heart failure and shock; SE: dose dependent |
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Definition
| Norepinephrine, epinephrine |
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Term
| Peripheral alpha blockers: blocks alpha-1 receptors; used for hypertension, BPH; SE: hypotension, NA and water retention; first dose effect (syncope with standing) |
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Definition
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Term
| Central adrenergic agents: alpha-2 stimulation in brain; used for hypertention; SE: hypotension, NA and water retention; withdraw over a week |
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Definition
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Term
| ACE inhibitors: blocks conversion of angiotensin, decreaes systemic vascular resistance; used for hypertension and heart failure; SE: cough, hyperkalemia; first dose effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Angiotensin receptor blocker: decreases systemic vascular resistance; used for hypertention and heart failure; SE: low incidence, doesn't cause cough |
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Definition
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Term
| Vasodilators: arterial dilation; used for hypertension; SE: fluid rentention; BiDil for Blacks |
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Definition
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Term
| Loop diuretics: blocks Na, Cl absorption in loop; used for edema, fluid overload; SE: hypokalemia, ototoxicity; monitor K |
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Definition
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Term
| Thiazide diuretic: blocks reabsorption in distal tube; used for fluid overload; SE: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypotension; slow onset |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone blockers: weak diuretic, preserves K; used for hypertension; SE: hyperkalemia; monitor K |
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Definition
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Term
| Isotonic crystalloid IV fluid: expands IV volume best of crystalloids; used for hypovolemia, surgery, with blood; SE: fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances; most common |
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Definition
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Term
| Dextrose IV fluid: rehydrates extravascular space; used for dehydration and ketosis; SE: edema, fluid overload; 170 Kcal/L |
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Definition
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Term
| Maintenance crystalloid IV fluid: replaces fluid in ICF and ECF; used for maintenance with inadequate PO intake; SE: fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance; often has KCl added |
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Definition
| 5% Dextrose in .45% NS (D5 1/2 NS) |
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Term
| Colloid: increases IV onctotic pressure, pulls fluid into IV; used for hypotension; SE: fluid overload; monitor pulmonary function |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrolyte replacement: increases serum K; used for hypokalemia; SE: hyperkalemia; monitor levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Resin exchange: decreases serum K by pulling it into bowel and binding it; used for hyperkalemia; SE: electrolyte imbalances; given an enema urgently |
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Definition
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Term
| Alkylating anti-neoplastics : CCNS; SE: BMS, n/v, multiple toxicities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antimetabolites: CCS; widely used; SE: BMS, n/v, multiple toxicities; Leucovorin (prevents toxicities) used w/ high doses |
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Definition
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Term
| Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): targets specific cancer cells; SE: immune reactions, cardiotoxicity; expanding group |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferferons, interleukins: increase cytokine response; used for cancers, viral infections, autoimmunity; SE: flu-like syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Colony stimulating factors (CSF): stimulates the production of red blood cells; used for BMS and anemias; SE: mild |
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Definition
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