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study of:
formation of words
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how they change form |
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how sentences are constructed;
ways in which words are arranged to show connections of meaning within sentence |
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another name for grammar;
importance of relationship between morphology and syntax |
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| what can('t) be a sentence |
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grammatical relations like subject-object; also modifier-modified, possessor-possessed |
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| units in a sentence (into which words are organized); groups of words related to each other in sentence (e.g.: a + book; in + the + library); units organized into larger units |
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hierarchical organization of units in a sentence (e.g. NP, PP, etc. are each a constituent) |
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word classes (e.g. nouns, adjectives, adpositions, etc.) |
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word classes of pronouns
(1st, 2nd, 3rd) |
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| 3rd person pronouns are NP (stand in for a noun); 1st & 2nd do not. |
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POS of yesterday, tomorrow |
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| adverbs (sometimes nouns) |
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adverbs that modify adjectives or adverbs (e.g. very, extremely, rather) |
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(a, the) modify nouns; indefinite article assumes listener can't identify referent; definite assumes can. |
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| (this, that) refer to entities in terms of spatial proximity to speaker |
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Term
closed class vs. open class |
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closed class = functional (adpositions, determiners, conjuctions, pronouns)
dont get new words
open class = lexical (nouns, verbs)
get new words |
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Term
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link elements in a conjoined expression.
In English, could be nouns, verbs, adj. |
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don't fall under any other category.
e.g. Indeed, entonces |
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syntactic function
The teacher read an interesting book (teacher and book are arguments) |
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the teacher read an interesting book. predicate = read |
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The teach read an interesting book.
the, an, interesting = modifiers |
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When nouns and adjectives are predicates |
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Chris is a phonologist (predicate noun)
Brenda is sick (predicate adj) |
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"to be" verb, like "is" is a copular verb |
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| correspondence in #, case, gender, person, or some other formal category between syntactically connected words. |
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Definition
| internal language (competence) |
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external language
(function) |
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