Term
|
Definition
| back portion of a structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower surface (front?) of a structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mid region of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head, or part which moves forward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
away from the main mass of the body
(i.e. fingers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
near the main mass of body
(i.e. shoulder, thigh) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum)
- multicellular
- radial symmetry
- possess true tissue
- lack true organs
- contain specialized cells "cnidocytes" --> contain stinging organelles "nematocysts"
- 4 classes of Cnidarians: Anthozoa, Hydrazoa, Cubozoa, Scyphozoa
- Anthozoa: consists of corals and anemones
- Hydrazoa: consists of hydras and a few corals
- Cubozoa: consists of box jellyfish and sea wasps
- Scyphozoa: consists of jellyfish and sea nettles
- possess a gastrovascular body plan (gastrovascular cavity)
- 2 kinds of body plan: sessile polyp and free-swimming medusa
- gastrodermis (epithelial tissue) lines the gastrovascular cavity
- gland cells in gastrodermis secretes digestive enzymes esp. proteases
-have only two germ layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum)
- bilateral syymmetry
- some cephalization
- have organs (unlike Cnidarians)
- lack a true body cavity
- acoelomate (like Cnidarians) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum)
- 7 groups have been proposed, 3 of which we will be studying: Gastropods, Bivalves, and Cephalopods
- mantle
- muscular foot
- radula
- ctenidium
- shell
- bilateral symmetry
- coelom
- protostome development
- some segmentation
- cephalization
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the repetition of body parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cephalization is an evolutionary trend, whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| away from the surface (interna) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toward the middle of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface on which the mouth is located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface opposite from that containing the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be divided in half by many planes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divided in half by only one plane |
|
|
Term
| anteroposterior/longitudinal axis |
|
Definition
| line extending from the head to the tail (not necessarily dividing the body in half) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| line running across the body from the dorsal to ventral side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| line running across the body from side to side |
|
|
Term
| mid-sagittal/median plane |
|
Definition
| this plane is vertical and passes through the exact mid-line of the body (includes both anteroposterior and dorsiventral axes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any cross section through the body that includes transverse and dorsiventral axes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum)
- multicellular
- sessile (permanently attached to a substrate)
- lack true tissues
- aka "sponges"
- suspension feeders
- specialized cells = chaonocytes that contain flagella
- water is pulled in thru small pores in body wall into central cavity and exits
- food particles --> phagocytosis
- Amoebocytes help distribute food throughout sponge; produces skeletal fibers embedded in walls of sponges; fibers may be hard or soft --> sponge = hard or soft
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male and female reproductive parts found in separate individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
having male and female reproductive parts in the same individual
aka "hermaphroditic" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inner layer of cells that lines a gastrovascular cavity of Cnidarians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer layer of cells covering the exterior body surface of Cnidarians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gel-like matrix that occurs between the outer and inner epithelial layers in cnidarians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| see page 166 of lab manual for "acoelomate" and "coelomate" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum)
- aka flatworms
- 3 classes: Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoda
- 3 germ layers
|
|
|
Term
Platyhelminthes have...
1. how many germ layers?
2. name the layers
3. What are 3 classes of platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
1. three
2. ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
3. Turbelluria, Trematoda, Cestoda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- having a true body cavity
- a group of animals possessing a fluid-filled cavity within which the digestive system is suspended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum)
- 3 main classes: Oligochaetes, Hirudinea, Polychaetes
- have true coelomic cavity
- in earthworms the fluid-filled body cavity acts as a hydraulic skeleton for the muscles to contract against
- metamerism = repetition of body parts
- complete digestive system w/ mouth and anus
- fertilization = internal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Class)
- earthworms
- hermaphroditic
- each segment contains 4 pairs of setae
- clitellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling that extends over several somites in earthworms |
|
|
Term
Name all the parts of an earthworm:
- mouth - clitellum - setae - anus - esophagus (somites 7-13) -intestine -dorsal blood vessel - somites - longitudinal muscles - circular muscles - coelum - gastrointestinal tract - pharynx (somites 3-5) - calciferous glands - crop - gizzard - ring-like hearts - ventral blood vessel - hemoglobin - "brain" = supra-pharyngeal ganglion - metanephridium - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excrete excess calcium into the G.I. tract for elimination in the feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used in elimination of nitrogenous wastes; connects to the metanephridiopore on the ventral side of the worm; have cilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ciliated, funnel-shaped opening of a nephridium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior seminal vesicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior seminal vesicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(earthworm)
- seminal receptacles where sperm travels to from the other worm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- "roundworm" from phylum Nematoda
- often times may be found in seminal vesicle of earthworms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-living layer that covers the body wall in earthworms tending to retard water loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- modified peritoneum around the intestine of the earthworm
-major center of glycogen and fat synthesis and storage in earthworms
- functions in glycogen storage and detoxification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - inner layer of intestine (lined with cilia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a prominent fold in the dorsal wall of the intestine that increases surface area in earthworms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Class) - clam
- most have open circulatory system
- use hemocyanin dissolved in plasma as respiratory pigment
- lymphocyte
- external fertilization
- most are dioecious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Class) - octopus
- nautili have shell
- others have either internal shell or no shell
- image-forming eyes
- short term and long term memory
- carnivorous
- closed circulatory system
- tentacles with suckers
- all cephalopods have ink containing melanin except Nautilus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Class)
- Chiton = small to large, primitive marine mollusks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A capsule, in certain cnidarians, containing a barbed, threadlike tube that delivers a paralyzing sting
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cnidocyte, cnidoblast or nematocyte, is a type of venomous cell unique to the phylum Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydrae, jellyfish, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| box jellyfish and sea wasps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of jellyfish and sea nettles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| think skin-like structure that encloses the internal organs and secretes the external skeleton (shell) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribbon-like string containing many rows of multi-cusped "teeth" (made of chitin) for scraping algae from rocks, tearing flesh, harpooning prety, or boring through shells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Mollusca)
- specialized structures used for gas exchange and filter feeding
- contains many blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the opening of the shell in certain gastropods when the body is retracted ed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple shelled snails or clam-like gastropods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum Mollusca)
- sea slugs usually in bright colors
- hermaphorditic
- lack mantle cavity
[image]
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds an oyster shell closed; when the muscle relaxes, the shell opens; abductor muscle causes a prominent scar on the inside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(bivalves) -Either of a pair of fleshy appendages on either side of the mouth of certain bivalve mollusks
-food is transfered to the mouth by the labial palps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cephalopod (such as squid)
-help control directional movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impression or scar on the inner surface of a bivalve shell, parallel to the ventral edge, by the insertion of the muscles that attach the mantle to the shell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The oldest part of a bivalve shell that is a raised, knob-like section of some clam and mussel shells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part that holds bivalve shells together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low pressure heart that pump "blood" to the ctenidia in squid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in ionic regulation, ridding the body of excess calcium and controlling pH in body fluids (found in earthworms) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an aggregation of neuron cell bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that have a protostomal development where the first opening formed during development is the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partitions between segments of the earthworm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Region of the bivalve body containing most of the digestive, excretory, circulatory, and nervous systems, that is suspended dorsally between the gills by pedal retractor muscles and that usually terminates ventrally as the foot |
|
|
Term
| anterior foot retractor muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior foot retractor muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior adductor muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer layer of cells of the pharyngeal part of the flatworm cross section ( |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum Mollusca)
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Phylum Mollusca - Class Cephalopods)
[image] |
|
|
