Term
| Strongest penicllin? First penicllin? |
|
Definition
Strongest: Pen VK
First: Pen G |
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Term
| What is the antibiotic that is prescribed the most? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which penicillin is not renally excreted? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the beta lactam bond broken? |
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Definition
| The square. Between the C=O and the N |
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Term
| Which antibiotics are bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
Clinodmycin
Chloramphenichol
Erythromycin
Striptomycin
Tetracycline
Sulfa |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotics are bacteriocidal? |
|
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Muprioprion
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs bind to the 30S subunit? |
|
Definition
| Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Spectinomycin |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotics bind to the 30 S? |
|
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Clindomycin |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotic treats gram negative anaerobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spectrum of:
-Erythromycins
-Clindamycin
-Aminoglycosides
-Tetracyclines
-Chloramphenicol |
|
Definition
Amino: gram - aerobes
Tetracycline: Broad
Chloramphenicol: Very broad
Erythromycins: Fairly broad
Clindamycin: Gram + anearobes |
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|
Term
| Which aminoglycoside is taken orally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause grey baby syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can't children use quinalones? |
|
Definition
| <<16 yo. eat away their joints. |
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|
Term
| How long for elimination of 90-100% of a drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kinetics do antibiotics follow? |
|
Definition
| 1st order. Constant fraction of drug in blood is lost per unit of time |
|
|
Term
| How long to reach plateau phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the targets of drugs for antibiotics? |
|
Definition
-Cell Wall
-Cytoplasmic membrane
-Protein
-Nucleic acids
-Metabolism |
|
|
Term
| What is Jim Henson's rule? |
|
Definition
| Treat bacterial infection in a timely manner |
|
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Term
| What should you use if resistance is suspected to a drug( cidal or static) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you use if no resistance is suspected? (cidal or static) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How does resistance to penicllins occur 3 ways)
How do these work w/ gram - and gram + |
|
Definition
1. Beta lactamase
2. Can't reach the cell
3. Can't attach the cell
Gram -: 1,2
Gram +: 1,3 |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin drugs that aren't easily metabolized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillins that are less effected by penicllinases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct inhibitors of B-lactamase? |
|
Definition
Clavaulanic acid
Sulbactam |
|
|
Term
| How can you minimize risk for allergic rxn in penicllins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does one take penicllin in relation to food? |
|
Definition
| 1 hour before, 2 hours after |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do penicllins cross the BBB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Qualities of Amoxicillin: |
|
Definition
Broad spectrum
Orally active
Longer T1/2. TID dosing
Capsules/chewable tablets
Taken w/ meals. Presence of food has little effect on absorption |
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|
Term
| Allergic reactivity to penicillins, can you take cephalosporin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the free carboxyl end of the pentapeptide, which interferes w/ elongation of the peptidoglycan backbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enterococcal infections--drug of choice
Orally to treat C-Diff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ototoxicity
Hypersensitivity rxn (skin rashes)
Red man syndrome
Phlebitis
Addition of aminoglycosides increases chance of oto/nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ONLY topical
Interfere c/ cell wall synthesis via block of dephosphorylation of lipid carrier |
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|
Term
| Which drugs: freeze initiation, polysome-->monosome; cause mis-reading of MRNA-->wrong AA? |
|
Definition
| Streptomyicn, aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs block tRNA binding to the mRNA codon? |
|
Definition
| Tetracycline, chloramphenicol |
|
|
Term
| Which drug Blocks peptide bond formation? |
|
Definition
| Chloramphenicol/erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug blocks the translocation step? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug binds to leucine tRNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ionic association w/ negatively charged GM- cell surface and positive charged GA
Penetration of gm- bacteria disrupts outer membrane and causes leak of vital ions. Further uptake of AG |
|
|
Term
| Which aminoglycoside is oral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bind to the 30s subunit and blocks attachment of charged aminoacyl tRNA |
|
|
Term
Which tetracycline is the most lipid soluble?
Which is the least? |
|
Definition
Doxycycline, Minocycline
Oxycycline-Least |
|
|
Term
| Bad toxicity of tetracycline? |
|
Definition
| Effects on calcium in teeth and bones=yellowing of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit of micorbial ribosomes and preent peptide attachment |
|
|
Term
| Spectrum of chloramphenicol |
|
Definition
| Some gram-, some gram +, anaerobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bind to the 50s subunit of microbial ribosomes and preent peptide bond formation |
|
|
Term
| Absorption of erythromycin? |
|
Definition
Erythromycin destroyed by stomach acid. Enterically coated, time released available. Absorbed in the gut.
Distribted everywhere, including CNS |
|
|
Term
| Clindamycin MOA, distribution, spectrum |
|
Definition
Inhibits peptide binding at 50s subunit
Distributes in all body tissues, CNS, CSF
Spectrum, gram + organisms. ANAEROBOES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural antagonists of the synthesis or reductive processing of folic acid |
|
|
Term
| What do antifolate metabolites compete for? |
|
Definition
| Reduction steps by inhibiting DHFR |
|
|
Term
| Why antimetabolites and UTIs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Persons w/ what type of deficiency could experience increased toxicity in antimetbaolites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfonamides: bacteristatic or bactericytic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA gyrase, topoisomerase 2 |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is used to treat topical fungal infections by has to be given systemically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of amphoterocin B? |
|
Definition
| Bind to sterols in th emembrane. These channels lead to loss o fvital ions, such as K/Mg |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of amphotericin B and nystatin? |
|
Definition
Renal dysfunctioin
Loss of appetitie
GI probs
CNS: HA
Rash/Liver damage |
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