nucleotides

• polar
• hydrophilic
• purines & pyrimidines

purines

• double rings, held together by phosphodiester bonds
• energy storage for ATP and GTP
• used for making RNA and DNA

pyrimidines

• 6 member rings, held together by phosphodiester bonds

amino acids

• polar
• hydrophilic
• used to create proteins
• held together by peptide bonds

amino acid structures

• primary: flat, simple protein
• secondary: folding into either an alpha helix or beta sheet, held together by hydrogen bonds
• tertiary: many alpha helices and beta sheets folded into a domain
• quaternary: mutliple protein subunits associating into a complex

fatty acids

• non polar
• hydrophobic
• used to make lipids
• lipids are segregated to form the lipid bilayer membrane 
• COOH (carb.acid) attached to a carbon chain

carbohydrates

(monosaccharides)

• polar
• hydrophilic
• condensation reaction creates glyosidic bonds which build polysaccharides
• used to make storage and structural polymers (for the cell wall)

two examples of storage polymers

• starch
• glycogen

two examples of structural polymers

• peptidoglycan
• cellulose