Term
| What is the function of DNA? |
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Definition
| stores genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| In the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms |
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Term
| Where and when is DNA replicated? |
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Definition
| During interphase in the nucleus |
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Term
| What type of organic molecule is DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the monomers of DNA called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the parts of a nucleotide. |
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Definition
| deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, & a nitrogenous base |
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Term
| Name the 4 nitrogenous bases that make up DNA. |
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Definition
| adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine |
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Term
| What are the base pairing rules for DNA? |
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Definition
| adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine |
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Term
| Describe the shape of a DNA molecule. |
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Definition
| double helix (like a twisted ladder) |
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Term
| Who got credit for discovering the shape of DNA? |
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Definition
| James Watson & Francis Crick |
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Term
| What are the steps of DNA replication? |
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Definition
1. Helicase unwinds the DNA and break the hydrogen bonds between the bases
2. DNA Polymerase brings correct nucleotides to bind & proofreads |
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Term
| What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase? |
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Definition
| it brings nucleotides to bind during replication & ensures that no mistake were made |
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Term
| What is the function of the enzyme DNA helicase? |
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Definition
| It unwinds the DNA and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs |
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Term
| What types of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together? |
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Definition
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Term
Give the complimentary DNA strand:
CCGAATTCATG |
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Definition
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Term
| How is RNA different from DNA? |
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Definition
1.RNA is made from ribose sugar, DNA is made from deoxyribose sugar
2. RNA is single stranded, DNA is double
3. RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine
4. RNA can move outside of the nucleus, DNA cannot |
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Term
| What is transcription and where does it occur? |
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Definition
| DNA is copied into mRNA, happens in nucleus |
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Term
| What is translation and where does it occur? |
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Definition
| mRNA is converted into amino acids, happens at the ribosome |
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Term
| What is the job of messenger RNA? |
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Definition
| carries the coded instructions for how to make a protein from the DNA to the ribosome |
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Term
| What is the job of transfer RNA? |
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Definition
| carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes using the anticodon (that matches the codon on the mRNA) |
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Term
| What is the job of ribosomal RNA? |
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Definition
| it's part of the ribosome that holds mRNA in place while tRNA translates |
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Term
Give the complimentary mRNA strand to the following DNA strand:
CGCCTTACA |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a codon and where is it located? |
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Definition
| 3 bases, located on the mRNA |
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Term
| What does a codon code for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an anticodon and where is it located. |
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Definition
| Anticodon are complimentary to the codon, anticodons are located on the tRNA |
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Term
| What does the codon AUG code for? |
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Definition
| Met (the start amino acid) |
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Term
| What does the codon AGU code for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the codon UAA code for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a change in the DNA sequence |
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Term
| What is the difference between a point mutation and chromosomal mutation? |
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Definition
Point= one base is either changed, deleted or inserted
Chromosomal= entire chromosome is affected |
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Term
| Does a point mutation always result in a different protein being made? Explain. |
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Definition
No, sometime a different codon codes for the same amino acid
ex: GGU, GGC, GGA and GGG all code for the amino acid Glycine |
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Term
| What can cause mutations? |
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Definition
| Errors during replication or crossing over, mutagens |
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Term
| What are some examples of mutagens? |
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Definition
| ultraviolet light from the sun, X rays, tobacco smoke |
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Term
| Where are codons located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the anticodons located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of bonds form between amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does DNA need to be replicated? |
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Definition
| Before the cells divide, DNA needs to double so that each new cell has a complete set of DNA |
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Term
What is the following diagram showing?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the steps of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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