Term
| What organisms did Hershey and Chase's experiment use? |
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Definition
| Bacteria and virus particles called phage |
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Term
| How did Hershey and Chase set up their experiment? |
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Definition
| They made one set of phage with radioactive P so the DNA core was radioactive and one set of phage with radioactive S so the protein coat was radioactive |
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Term
| What did Hershey and Chase's experiment prove? |
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Definition
| It showed that genetic information is found in the DNA and not the protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chargaff found that the amount of A equals the amount of T and the amount of G equals the amount of C in any DNA sample. |
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Term
| Who determined the structure of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Watson and Crick work out the structure of DNA? |
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Definition
| The built models, they used Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction pictures |
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Term
| Which nucleotides are found in DNA? |
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Definition
| A - adenine; T - thymine; C - cytosine; G - guanine |
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Term
| How do the bases in DNA pair up? |
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Definition
| A pairs with T and C pairs G |
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Term
| What are the parts of a DNA nucleotide? |
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Definition
| A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogen-containing base |
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Term
| Why is DNA called a double helix? |
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Definition
| It is shaped like a twisted ladder. The phosphate groups and sugars make up the backbone of the molecule and the bases are the rungs of the ladder. |
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Term
| How many strands does DNA have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the two strands of DNA held together? |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonds between the bases |
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Term
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Definition
| "Purines are good" - the A and G - they are double rings |
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Term
| Which bases are pyrimidines? |
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Definition
| "Pyrimidines usually cause trouble" - C and T; they are single rings |
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Term
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Definition
| Because of the rules of base pairing, the sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the other, so that the two strands fit together. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Semi-conservative replication |
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Definition
| One strand of DNA is used to make one new strand of DNA so that each molecule is made up of one new and one old strand |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme that makes DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme that unzips the DNA so that replication can begin |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA codes for RNA, and RNA codes for protein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parts of an RNA nucleotide? |
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Definition
| A phosphate group, a ribose sugar and a base |
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Term
| What bases are found in RNA? |
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Definition
| A, C, G and U = uracil; there is no T in RNA |
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Term
| How many strands does RNA have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme that makes RNA from DNA |
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Term
| How many types of RNA are used to make proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Messenger RNA - it is an RNA copy of a gene; it contains the instructions for making a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer RNA - it carriers or transfers amino acids to the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribosomal RNA - along with proteins, it makes up the structure of a ribosome - the organelle that makes proteins in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| In the cytoplasm on ribosomes |
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Term
| What is the first step in protein production? |
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Definition
| mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus. The mRNA goes to the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| In three letter words called "codons" |
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Term
| How many codon "words" are there in the Universal Genetic Code? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many different amino acids are found in proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we say that the Universal Genetic code is redundant? |
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Definition
| Because there are only 20 amino acids but 64 different codons; so the code repeats itself. |
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Term
| What are the punctuation marks of the genetic code? |
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Definition
| AUG says start, and there are 3 different stop codons |
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Term
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Definition
| A three letter base sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA |
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Term
| What is the second step in protein production? |
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Definition
| The mRNA binds to a ribosome. |
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Term
| What is the third step in protein production? |
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Definition
| The ribosome "reads" the first codon in the mRNA and a tRNA with the complementary anitcodon brings the amino acid Met to the ribosome. |
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Term
| What is the fourth step in protein production? |
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Definition
| The ribosome continues to read the mRNA as the correct tRNAs bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome. The amino acids are joined together to make a protein. |
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Term
| What is the last step in protein production? |
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Definition
| The ribosome reaches a STOP codon. Process stops; the protein and mRNA are both released from the ribosome. |
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