Term
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Definition
| All the DNA present in a single cell or group of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective nutrient rich media made with tryptone, yeast, NaCl. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme used to digest polymerics of cell rigidity. |
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Term
| EDTA (Ethylenediamine Terta-acetate) |
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Definition
| Removes Mg+ ions responsible for cell envelope and degradation of DNA. |
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Term
| SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) |
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Definition
| Removes lipids to disrupt cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that degrade protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| messenger RNA, transcript of a protein coding gene. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Precipitation of nucleic acids by use of -20 C ethanol and salt to concentrate DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spatial organization of a molecule; linear or circular. |
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Term
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Definition
| confirmation of closed-circular DNA coiled by torsional strain into the shape of a wound-up rubberband. |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that create or remove turns in a double helix by interrupting polynucleotide bonds. |
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Term
| density gradient centrifugation |
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Definition
| separation method based on buoyant density by centrigufation in sucrose or caesium-chloride |
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Term
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Definition
| interruption between base pairs to cause double helix unwinding. |
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Term
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Definition
| incubation with inhibitor protein increasing the copy number of plasmids in a culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture of bacteria treated to enhance ability to uptake DNA molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange of DNA sequences between different molecules naturally or by manipulation. |
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Term
| Restriction endonucleases |
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Definition
| Cuts DNA only at a limited number of specific nucleotide sequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that in the cell repairs single stranded cuts. Purified versions are used to join molecules together for gene cloning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that cuts, shortens, or degrades nucleic acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Makes copies of DNA molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Remove or add chemical groups to molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Removes nucleotides one at a time from the end of a strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Able to break phosphodiester bonds within molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| single stranded polynucleotide region that directs synthesis of a complimentary polynucleotide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short single-stranded oligonucleotide when attached by base pairing to a template acts as a start point for complementary synthesis directed by DNA polymerase. |
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Term
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Definition
| single-stranded break, involving the absence of one or more nucleotides in a double-stranded DNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA polymerase enzyme modified to only fill in nicks and used in chain termination sequencing. |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme able to synthesize a complimentary DNA molecule from a template of single-strand RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Mainly from shrimp, removes phosphate group present at the 5' |
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Term
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Definition
| Adds phosphate group onto the 5' |
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Term
| Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase |
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Definition
| Adds one or more deoxyribonucleotides onto 3' of a DNA molecule. |
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Term
| Host-controlled restriction |
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Definition
| mechanism that some bacteria prevent phage attack by cleavage of foreign DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of nucleotides is the same read backwards on the complimentary strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| an end of DNA molecule at which both strands terminate at the same nucleotide position with no single stranded extension. |
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Term
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Definition
| End of double-stranded DNA molecule with a single stranded extension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performed in a gel matrix so that molecules of similar charge can be separated on basis of size. |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of DNA fragments whose sizes are in multitudes of 100 bp or 1 kp, used as size markers. |
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Term
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Definition
| determination of the number and sizes of DNA fragments produced when a particular molecule is cut with a particular endonuclease. |
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Term
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Definition
| map showing the positions of different restriction sites in a DNA molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| cleavage of DNA molecule with two different restriction enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of DNA with restriction enzyme under conditions that only a fraction of the sites are cleaved. |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic double-stranded oligonucleotide used to attach sticky ends to a blunt ended molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic double stranded oligonucleotide used to attach sticky ends to blunt ended molecules but eliminates cleaving of target DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| usually circular DNA, independent of host chromosome, often found in bacterial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A gene carried by a vector conferring a recognizable trait on the cell containing the recombinant DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| position on DNA molecule where replication begins |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid capable of host cell chromosome integration |
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Term
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Definition
| number of plasmids contained in a single cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid with low copy number |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid with high copy number >50 |
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Term
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Definition
| physical contact between bacterial cells and transferring DNA or plasmids to one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of two different plasmids to exist in the same cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ampicillin and LacZ gene present plasmid |
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Term
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Definition
| Has two recognition sites for attachment of RNA polymerase. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nucleotide sequence upstream of a gene that acts as a signal for RNA polymerase binding. |
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Term
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Definition
| transformed cells that contains the recombinant DNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Cloning stratergy where insertion of new DNA inactivates a gene trait |
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Term
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Definition
| colonies on an agar plate transferred to a new plate with different conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of ampicillin and LacZ produce white colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| sequencing method that uses PCR to generate chain-terminated polynucleotides. |
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Term
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Definition
| use of labeled nucleic acid molecule to identify related molecules by hybridization probing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of identical or related genes present in the same organism, usually coding for a family of related polypeptides. |
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Term
| southern hybridization (transfer) |
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Definition
| technique for transferring bands from an agarose gel to a nitrocellulose membrane. |
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