Term
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Definition
| - discrete units of inheritance (segments of DNA) |
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Term
| what does a gene consist of? |
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Definition
| - specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| - a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes |
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Term
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Definition
| - a double strand polymer of nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
- phosphate
- 5 carbon sugar (deyoxribose)
- nitrogen base |
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Term
| what are the 4 different nitrogen bases of DNA? |
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Definition
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Thymine
- Cytosine |
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Term
| Of the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA, which 2 are double ringed purines? |
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Definition
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Term
| of the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA, which 2 are single ringed pyrimidines |
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Definition
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Term
| the phosphate and 5 carbon sugar combine to form what? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are phosphate-sugar complexes bonded together? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are the nitrogen bases bonded to the phosphate-sugar complexes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the double strands of DNA bonded together? |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonds via the nitrogen bases |
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Term
| In DNA what nitrogen base always pairs with Adenine? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA what nitrogen base always pairs with Cytosine? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA what is the name for three successive bases on a DNA strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does DNA replication take place? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - to ensure continuity of hereditary traits |
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Term
| What is semi-conservative DNA replication? |
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Definition
| - conserves some of the old strand with the new strand |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 enzymes cause the DNA to separate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do helicase and DNA nuclease separate the DNA strands? |
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Definition
| they break the hydrogen bonds |
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Term
| In DNA replication what is the exposed strand called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA replication what enzyme joins the new nucleotides to the template strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA replication what is formed when the new nucleotides join with the template strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme connects the new segments of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| single strand polymer of nucleotides |
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Term
| What are the 3 structures of RNA? |
|
Definition
- phosphate
- 5 carbon sugar (ribose)
- nitrogen base |
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|
Term
| What are the 4 possible nitrogen bases for RNA? |
|
Definition
- Adenine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
- Uracil |
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Term
| What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA? |
|
Definition
- different sugars
- DNA double strand/RNA single strand
- DNA = thymine / RNA = uracil |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of RNA involved in protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
- messenger RNA (mRNA)
- transfer RNA (tRNA)
- ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
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Term
| what is the function of mRNA? |
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Definition
| - carries code from DNA to ribosomes |
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Term
| what is the function of tRNA? |
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Definition
| carries amino acids to mRNA at ribosomes |
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Term
| what is the function of rRNA? |
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Definition
| responsible for peptide bond |
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Term
| What is the name for 3 successive bases on mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for 3 successive bases on tRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in RNA transcription? |
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Definition
| DNA information into a molecule of RNA |
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Term
| What happens in RNA translation? |
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Definition
| RNA to protein (or polypeptite chain) |
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Term
| Where does RNA translation occur? |
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Definition
| in the cytoplasm/ribosome |
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Term
| Where does the RNA strand go after transcription? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 3 main steps of RNA translation? |
|
Definition
- initiation
- polypeptide formation (elongation)
- termination |
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Term
| In the initiation of RNA translation, what does mRNA attach to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in the initiation of RNA translation, what does tRNA attach to? |
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Definition
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Term
| In RNA elongation, a polypeptide bond is formed between what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the termination of RNA translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do ribosomes use to translate bases into amino acids? |
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Definition
| use tRNA to attach to mRNA |
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Term
|
Definition
| a heritable change in the DNA |
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Term
| what does heritable mean (in terms of DNA mutations)? |
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Definition
| it can move from one line (generation) of cells to the next line of cells |
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Term
| What are 3 common causes of DNA mutations? |
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Definition
- radiation
- viruses
- mutagenic chemicals |
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Term
T or F
The information from mutated DNA is NOT likely to be passed on to RNA |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the 2 major types of DNA mutation? |
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Definition
- point mutations
- frameshift mutations |
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Term
| what is a point mutation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a frameshift mutation? |
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Definition
| a deletion or insertion of a base |
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Term
| what is a silent mutation? |
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Definition
| when a change would not affect the amino acid produced |
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