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Module8
module 8
59
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
02/17/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Striae
Definition
Stretch marks occurring in skin from obesity, pregnancy and ascites.
Term
Abduction
Definition
movement of the limb away from the midline or median plane of the body
Term
Active ROM
Definition
A person can initiate and perform exercises in which each joint moves through its complete range of motion
Term
Adduction
Definition
Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
Term
Ataxia
Definition
An impaired ability to coordinate movements, often characterized by a staggering gait or postural imbalance.
Term
Atrophy
Definition
translucent, dry, paper like sometimes-wrinkled skin surface resulting from thinning or wasting of the skin due to loss of collagen and elastic.
Term
Bunion
Definition
thickening and inflammation of the bursa of the joint of the great toe.  There is lateral displacement of the toe with marked enlargement of the joint
Term
Carpel tunnel syndrome
Definition
compression of the median nerve in the wrist
Term
Circumduction
Definition
he circular movement of a limb
Term
Coma
Definition
Client is completely unresponsive to incoming stimuli
Term
Cranial nerves
Definition
: Nerves that emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium), as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column. Cranial nerves come directly from the brain through the skull
Term
Crepitus
Definition
grating, feeling and pain that accompany problems with the temporal mandibular joint
Term
Depression
Definition
for the musculoskeletal system, this is the movement in which the elevated part is moved downward to its original position
Term
Dermatome
Definition
An instrument that removes an area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branch of one spinal nerve
Term
Dislocation
Definition
A displacement of of the bone from its usual anatomical location
Term
Distal
Definition
Distant from the point of origin. Example-- The wrist is distal from the elbow.
Term
Distraction
Definition
A nursing intervention. Purposeful focus of attention away from undesirable sensations.
Term
Elevation
Definition
lifting or moving superiorly along the frontal plane
Term
Eversion
Definition
A turning outward or inside out; as of the eyelid or turning the foot outward at the ankle
Term
Extension
Definition
The act of bringing the distal portion of a joint in continuity (although only parallel) with the long axis of the proximal portion
Term
Flaccidity
Definition
Weak, soft, and flabby; lacking normal muscle tone, such as flaccid muscles.
Term
Flexion
Definition
bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together.
Term
Glasgow coma scale
Definition
standardized assessment tool used when serial assessments are done for high-risk clients (e.g., brain tumor, after brain surgery, after a cerebral vascular accident).
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit
Term
Inflammation
Definition
is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
Term
Intention tremor
Definition
Rhythmic, repetitive movement that worsens during voluntary movements
Term
Inversion
Definition
: the turning inward of a part
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
an exaggerated thoracic dorsal curve that causes asymmetry between the sides of the posterior thorax
Term
Lateral
Definition
(1) on the side(2) farthest from the midsagittal plane(3) a radiological projection made with the film in the sagittal plane; the second view of the chest series
Term
Ligament
Definition
a tough band of tissue that serves to connect the articular extremities of bones or to support or retain an organ in place and is usually composed of coarse bundles of dense white fibrous tissue parallel or closely interlaced, pliant, and flexible, but not extensible
Term
Lordosis
Definition
exaggerated lumbar curve, compensates for pregnancy, obesity
Term
Medial
Definition
Torward the midline of an organ or median plane of the body.
Term
Opposition
Definition
The movement of touching the thumb to the tips of the other fingers of the same hand.
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
caused by the breakdown of cartilage aka degenerative arthritis
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
Porous bones; occurs when bones lose an excessive amount of protein and mineral content, particulary calcium
Term
Paralysis
Definition
Loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of it or its nerve supply
Term
Paresis
Definition
Motor weakness or partial paralysis related in some cases to local neuritis.
Term
Passive ROM
Definition
– range of motion exercises that are done for a client with the help of someone else.
Term
Peripheral neuropathy
Definition
damage to the nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
Term
Pronation
Definition
is an anatomical term to describe a rotation movement; palms down
Term
Protraction
Definition
Anterior (forward) movement of an anatomical body part
Term
Proximal
Definition
situated next to or near the point of attachment or origin or a central point the proximal was…better than the peripheral stump for a graft
Term
Reflex Arc
Definition
the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action
Term
Resting tremor
Definition
a course, rhythmic tremor, 3-5 Hz frequency, usually confined to hands and forearms, which appears when the limbs are relaxed and disappears with the active limb movements; characteristic of Parkinson disease
Term
Retraction
Definition
A nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane
Term
Rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
inflammation of the synovium of the joints. From autoimmunity, causes pain, swelling and loss of function.
Term
Rotation
Definition
Turning or moving a bone around its own axis.
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
Lateral curvature of a portion of the spine
Term
Seizure
Definition
sudden and rapid physical manifestations resulting fron excessive discharges of electrical energy in the brain
Term
Spasticity
Definition
Sudden, involuntary increase in muscle tone or contractions due to central nervous sytem lesions
Term
Spinal nerves
Definition
the nerves emerging from the spinal cord; there are 31 pairs, each arising from the cord by rootlets that converge to form two roots, anterior (ventral or motor) and posterior (dorsal or sensory); the latter type is provided with a circumscribed enlargement, the spinal (dorsal root) ganglion; the two roots unite in the intervertebral foramen, and the mixed spinal nerve almost immediately divides again into anterior and posterior (primary) rami, the former supplying the anterolateral trunk and the limbs, the latter the true muscles and overlying skin of the back.
Term
Sprain
Definition
A traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles or ligaments around a joint, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration of the skin over the joint.
Term
Subluxation
Definition
partial dislocation of bones in a joint such as the head of radius, which may occur when child is dangled by his or her hands.
Term
Supination
Definition
movement of the forearm so that the palm faces up, anteriorly or superiorly
Term
Strain
Definition
To injure by overuse or improper use (usually refers to a muscle tear).
Term
Tendon
Definition
is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is built to withstand tension.
Term
Tinel’s sign
Definition
Used to detect irritated nerves; involves lightly tapping (percussing) over a nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling over the distribution of the nerve (carpal-tunnel syndrome)
Term
Tremor
Definition
Any abnormal repetitive shaking movement of the body.
Term
APIE Method
Definition
Assessment, Problem, Intervention, and Evaluation. When using this method documentation of assessment includes combining subjective data and objective data. The nurse will draw conclusions from the data, identify and record the problems, and plan to address these problems. Interventions are documented as they are carried out. Evaluations refer to documentation of the response to the plan. Pg 7 health and physical assessment book
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