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Module IIA
arterial blood gases, bronchoscopy, etc. Pagana & Pagana
23
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/02/2012

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Term
pH (arterial Blood)
Definition
Normal Findings:
Adult/child: 7.35 - 7.45
newborn: 7.32 - 7.49
2 mos.- 2 years: 7.34 - 7.46
pH (venous): 7.31 - 7.41
Term
PCO2
Definition
adult/child: 35-45mm Hg
child <2 years: 26-41mm Hg
PCO2 (venous): 40-50mm Hg
Term
HCO3
Definition
adult/child: 21-28mEq/L
newborn/infant: 16-24mEq/L
Term
PO2
Definition
adult/child: 80-100 mm Hg
newborn: 60-70 mm Hg
PO2 (venous): 40-50mm Hg
Term
O2 Saturation
Definition
Adult/child: 95%-100%
Elderly: 95%
Newborn: 40% - 90%
Term
O2 Content
Definition
Arterial: 15-22 vol %
Venous: 11-16 vol %
Term
Base Excess
Definition
0+/- 2mEq/L
Term
Alveolar to Arterial O2 Difference
Definition
<10mm Hg
Term
Bronchoscopy (Diagnostic uses)
Definition
1. Direct visualization of tracheobronchial tree
2. biopsy
3. Aspiration of "deep" sputum for culture and sensitivity
4. Direct visualization of larynx
Term
Bronchoscopy (Therapeutic uses)
Definition
1. Apiration of retained secretions
2. Control of bleeding in bronchus
3. Removal of aspirated foreign bodies
4. Brachytherapy- endobronchial radiation therapy using an iridium wire placed via bronchoscope
5. Palliative laser obliteration
Term
Chest X-Ray (CXR)
Definition
1. Tumors of lung, heart, chest wall, and bony thorax
2. inflammation of lung, pleura, pericardium
3. fluid accumulation in pleura, pericardium, and lung
4. air accumulation in lung and pleura
Term
CXR (cont.)
Definition
5.Fractures of bones in thorax or vertebrae
6. diaphragmatic hernia
7. heart size
8. calcification
9. location of IV access devices
Term
Posteroanterior (PA) view &
Anteroposterior view
Definition
x-rays pass through the back of the body to front &

vice versa
Term
Lordotic views
Definition
Pt. recumbent-- provides visualization of the apices of lungs (detect TB)
Term
Decubitus films
Definition
Pt. recumbent lateral position-- demonstrates and localizes fluid (pleural effusion)
Term
Chest CT
Definition
used to more thoroughly evaluate suspected disease in chest

IV contrast= vascular structures
Oral contrast = esophagus and upper GI structures
Term
Helical CT scan
Definition
Continuously obtains images as pt is passed through gantry <30 sec. w/ thin slices (1-5mm)
Term
Lung biopsy
Definition
Invasive procedure usu. done by radiologist, surgeon, or pulmonologist in 30-60 mins. Fasting usu. ordered.
Term
V/Q scan
Definition
ventilation and perfusion scans performed synchronously-- minimal exposure to radioactivity
Term
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Definition
1. preoperative evaluation of lungs and pulmonary reserve
2. evaluation of response to bronchodilator therapy
3. Differentiation b/w restrictive and obstructive forms of chronic pulmonary disease
4. Diffusing capacity of lungs (DL)
5. Inhalation tests in pt. with inhalation allergies
Term
Sputum culture and snesitivity (Sputum C&S)
Definition
Cultures obtained to detemine presence of pathogenic bacteria.
Gram stain is first
then sample applied to series of culture plates
Term
Sputum Cytology
Definition
Indicated for Pt. whom diagnosis of cancer is considered
Term
Tuberculin Skin Testing
Definition
Normal finding: neg. <5mm
Purified protein derivative (PPD) of tubercle bacillus injected intradermally
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