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| biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience |
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| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
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| interpreting one's experiences in terms of one's existing schemas |
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| adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information |
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| all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities |
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| the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 years to 6 or 7) during a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operation of concrete logic |
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| the principle (which Piaget believed to be part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain despite changes in the form of objects |
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| in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficult taking another point of view |
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| people's ideas about their own feelings and others' mental states–about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict |
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| a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding others' states of mind |
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| concrete operational stage |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operation that allow them to think logically about concrete events |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 12 onward) during which people begin to think logically about abstract situations |
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| the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age |
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| an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation |
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| an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development |
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| the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life |
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| according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers |
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| a sense of one's identity and personal worth |
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