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Module 9
Head & Neck
48
Health Care
Not Applicable
06/02/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
accommodation
Definition
This is adaptation of the eye for near vision. It is accomplished by increasing the curvature of the lens through movement of the ciliary muscles. Although the lens cannot be observed directly, the components of this that can be observed are convergence (motion toward) of the axes of the eyeballs and pupillary constriction.
(Jarvis)
Term
acromegaly
Definition
a chronic metabolic condition in adults caused by over secretion of growth hormones. It is characterized by gradual, marked soft tissue enlargement and widening and thickening of skeletal bones in the face, jaw, hands, and feet.
(Mosby)
Term
anisocoria
Definition
A small number of people (5%) normally have pupils of two different sizes which is called...
(Jarvis)
Term
arcus senilis
Definition
The cornea may look cloudy with age. This is commonly seen around the cornea. This is a gray-white arc or circle around the limbus; it is due to deposition of lipid material. As more lipid accumulates, the cornea may look thickened and raised, but it has no effect on vision.
(Jarvis)
Term
astigmatism
Definition
an abnormal condition of the eye in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point on the retina because the spheric curve of the cornea or lens is not equal in all meridians. Vision is typically blurred; if uncorrected, it often results in visual discomfort or asthenopia.
(Mosby)
Term
cataract
Definition
lens opacity, resulting from a clumping of proteins in the lens. Some formation should be expected by age 70 years.
(Jarvis)
Term
cerumen
Definition
ear wax. a yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear. The wax forms a sticky barrier that helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the sensitive tympanic membrane. It migrates out to the meatus by the movements of chewing and talking.Two types: wet and dry.
(Jarvis)
Term
chalazion
Definition
A beady nodule protruding on the lid, this is an infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland. It is a nontender, firm, discrete swelling with freely movable skin overlying the nodule. If it becomes inflamed, it points inside and not on lid margin (in contrast with stye).
(Jarvis)
Term
conjunctivitis
Definition
Infection of the conjunctiva, “pink eye,” has red beefy-looking vessels at periphery but usually clearer around iris (although here it is severe). This is common from bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or chemical irritation. Purulent discharge accompanies bacterial infection. Preauricular lymph node is often swollen and painful, with a history of upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include itching, burning, foreign body sensation, and eyelids stuck together on awakening.
(Jarvis)
Term
corneal light reflex
Definition
(The Hirschberg Test) Assess the parallel alignment of the eye axes by shining a light toward the person's eyes. Direct the person to stare straight ahead as you hold the light about 30 cm (12 inches) away. Note the reflection of the light on the corneas; it should be in exactly the same spot on each eye. See the bright white dots in Fig. 14-29 for symmetry of the corneal light reflex. Asymmetry of the light reflex indicates deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis. If you see this, perform the cover test.
(Jarvis)
Term
epistaxis
Definition
Nosebleed (Powerpoint)
Term
facies
Definition
An expression or appearance of the head and neck that, when taken together, are characteristic of a clinical condition or syndrome
(Powerpoint)
Term
glaucoma
Definition
a condition in which the optic nerve is damaged, usually as a result of increasing pressure within the eye.
(Jarvis)
Term
goiter
Definition
is an increase in the size of the thyroid gland and occurs with hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism.
(Jarvis)
Term
hydrocephalus
Definition
Obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and enlargement of the head. The face looks small compared with the enlarged cranium. The increasing pressure also produces dilated scalp veins, frontal bossing, and downcast or “setting sun” eyes (sclera visible above iris).
(Jarvis)
Term
laryngitis
Definition
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx, accompanied by edema of the vocal cords with hoarseness or loss of voice, occurring as an acute disorder caused by a cold, by irritating fumes, by sudden temperature changes, or as a chronic condition resulting from excessive use of the voice, heavy smoking, or exposure to irritating fumes.
(Mosby)
Term
lid lag
Definition
occurs with hyperthyroidism. It is when a white rim of sclera is between the lid and the iris. (the upper lid rests well above the limbus and white sclera is visible)
(Jarvis)
Term
lymph nodes
Definition
many small oval structures that filter the lymph and fight infection and in which lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells are formed...etc. read about it! =)
(Mosby)
Term
macrocephalic
Definition
a congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal largeness of the head and brain in relation to the rest of the body, resulting in some degree of mental and growth retardation.
(Mosby)
Term
microcephalic
Definition
a congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body and by underdevelopment of the brain, resulting in some degree of mental retardation.
(Mosby)
Term
myopia
Definition
Nearsightedness (Jarvis)
Term
miosis
Definition
Constricted and fixed pupils. Occurs with the use of pilocarpine drops for glaucoma treatment, the use of narcotics, with iritis, and with brain damage of pons.
(Jarvis)
Term
mydriasis
Definition
dilation of the pupil of the eye caused by contraction of the dilator muscle of the iris, a muscular sheath that radiates outward like the spokes of a wheel from the center of the iris around the pupil. With a decrease in light or the pharmacologic action of certain drugs the dilator acts to pull the iris outward, enlarging the pupil.
(Mosby)
Term
normocephalic
Definition
the term that denotes a round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size.
(Jarvis)
Term
nystagmus
Definition
a fine oscillating movement best seen around the iris. Occurs with disease of the semicircular canals in the ears, a paretic eye muscle, multiple sclerosis, or brain lesions.
(Jarvis)
Term
OD
Definition
Right eye.
Term
OS
Definition
Left eye.
Term
OU
Definition
Each eye.
Term
otitis externa
Definition
Swimmer's ear. An infection of the outer ear, with severe painful movement of the pinna and tragus, redness and swelling of pinna and canal, scanty purulent discharge, scaling, itching, fever, and enlarged tender regional lymph nodes. Hearing is normal or slightly diminished. More common in hot humid weather. Swimming causes canal to become waterlogged and swell; skinfolds are set up for infection.
(Jarvis)
Term
otitis media
Definition
(middle ear infection), occurs because of obstruction of the eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear. It is one of the most common illnesses in children.
(Jarvis)
Term
palpebral folds
Definition
A fold formed by the reflection of the conjunctiva from the eyelid onto the eye.
Term
papilledema
Definition
(Choked disc). Swelling of optic disk. visible on ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus of the eye, caused by increase in intracranial pressure.
(Mosby)
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
are air-filled pockets within the cranium. They communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with the same type of ciliated mucous membrane. They lighten the weight of the skull bones, serve as resonators for sound production, and provide mucus, which drains into the nasal cavity.
(Jarvis)
Term
periorbital edema
Definition
Lids are swollen and puffy. Lid tissues are loosely connected so excess fluid is easily apparent. This occurs with local infections; crying; and systemic conditions such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergy, hypothyroidism (myxedema).
(Jarvis)
Term
pharyngitis
Definition
inflammation or infection of the pharynx, usually causing symptoms of a sore throat. Some causes of pharyngitis are diphtheria, herpes simplex virus, infectious mononucleosis, and streptococcal infection.
(Mosby)
Term
photophobia
Definition
is inability to tolerate light.
(Jarvis)
Term
presbyopia
Definition
(change in accommodation)
Lens is more rigid, ciliary muscles of iris weaker (Powerpoint)

a hyperopic shift to farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye. The condition commonly develops with advancing age, with the first symptoms appearing about age 40.
(Mosby)
Term
rhinitis
Definition
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually accompanied by swelling of the mucosa and a nasal discharge.
(Mosby)
Term
Rinne test
Definition
compares air conduction and bone conduction sound...
(Jarvis)
Term
scotoma
Definition
a blind spot in the visual field surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma, with optic nerve and visual pathway disorders.
(Jarvis)
Term
strabismus
Definition
(squint, crossed eye) causes disconjugate vision because one eye deviates off the fixation point. Can cause permanent visual damage.
(Jarvis)
Term
tinnitus
Definition
a subjective noise sensation, often described as ringing, heard in one or both ears.
(Mosby)
Term
tragus
Definition
a small tongue-like projection of the auricular cartilage of the ear, anterior to the external meatus.
(Mosby)
Term
turbinates
Definition
Of, relating to, or designating a small curved bone that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage in higher vertebrates.
Term
vertigo
Definition
Sensation of spinning
Self = internal
Room or objects = external
(Powerpoint)
Term
Weber test
Definition
is valuable when a person reports hearing better with one ear than the other. Place a vibrating tuning fork in the midline of the person's skull and ask whether the tone sounds the same in both ears or better in one. The person should hear the tone by bone conduction through the skull, and it should sound equally loud in both ears.
(Jarvis)
Term
whisper test
Definition
Stand 1-2 feet away and whisper monosyllabic and bisyllabic words. Abnormal: The person is unable to hear whispered words. A whisper is a high-frequency sound and is used to detect high-tone loss. (Powerpoint & Jarvis)
Term
ptosis
Definition
drooping of upper lid
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