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Module 7: Atomic Structure
vocabulary
44
Chemistry
12th Grade
09/23/2011

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Term
Another name for a Crookes tube
Definition
Cathode ray tube
Term
Like charges do this to each other. (204)
Definition
Repel
Term
Opposite charges do this to each other. (204)
Definition
Attract
Term
Two types of electrical charge (203)
Definition
Positive, negative
Term

Matter which

has no overall electrical charge

is said to be ________.  (203)

Definition
Neutral
Term

One of the 3 particles

that make up the atom. 

It is negatively charged and

orbits the nucleus of the atom. (205)

Definition
Electron
Term

One of the three particles

that make up the atom. 

It is positively charged and

is in nucleus of the atom. (205)

Definition
Proton
Term

One of the three particles

that make up the atom. 

It is electrically neutral and is

in the nucleus of the atom. (205)

Definition
Neutron
Term

An atom's ______ ________

tells you

how many protons it contains. (205)

Definition
Atomic number
Term
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. (206)
Definition
Isotopes
Term

Total number

of neutrons and protons

in an atom

(207)

Definition
Mass number
Term

Process by which the abundance

of one isotope in an element is increased.  Typically used in order to make

fuel for nuclear bombs. (208)

Definition
Isotopic enrichment
Term
A constructed image of something we cannot see with our eyes (209)
Definition
Model
Term
Another name for the Rutherford model. (211)
Definition
Planetary model
Term

A model that said

the atom is made of a dense,

positively-charged nucleus

with electrons orbiting the nucleus

in circles. (211)

Definition
Rutherford model
Term

Center of the atom. 

Contains the neutrons and protons. (212)

Definition
Nucleus
Term
A "particle" of light. (213)
Definition
Photon
Term

The theory that

light sometimes behaves as a particle

and sometimes behaves as a wave.

(213)

Definition
Particle/Wave Duality Theory
Term

Distance between crests (or troughs)

of a wave. (214)

Definition
Wavelength
Term

A measure of the

height of the crests or

the depths of the troughs

on a wave (214)

Definition
Amplitude
Term

Range of light wavelengths

that are visible to the human eye (215)

Definition
Visible spectrum
Term

A measurable quantity in nature

that does not change (216)

Definition
Physical constant
Term

Number of wave crests (or troughs)

that pass a given point

each second (217)

Definition
Frequency
Term

Standard unit for frequency

(217)

Definition

Hertz (Hz)

1/second

Term

When W is large, f is small.

When w is small, F is large.

When two quantities behave like this,

we say that

they are _________  __________.

(219)

Definition
Inversely related
Term

The total range

of wavelengths of light

that come from the sun

(219)

Definition
Electromagnetic spectrum
Term

As a light wave's frequency increases,

its _________ also increases.

As a light wave's frequency decreases,

its ________ also decreases.

(220)

Definition
Energy, energy
Term

As a light wave's wavelength increases,

its energy _________.

As a light wave's wavelength decreases,

its energy _________.

(220)

Definition
Decreases, increases
Term

Another term for light,

including all wavelengths,

both visible and not visible. (221)

Definition
Electromagnetic radiation
Term

The physical constant that relates the energy of light to its frequency:

6.63 X 10-34 J/Jz

(221)

Definition
Planck's constant
Term

Cells on the eye's retina that

detect low levels of light (223)

Definition
Rods
Term

Cells on the eye's retina that

detect different energies of light. 

These cells are responsible for

our ability to see colors. (223)

Definition
Cones
Term
Device that analyzes light emitted or absorbed by a substance (225)
Definition
Spectrometer
Term

Process by which individual

wavelengths of light emitted by a substance are analyzed. 

This process can be used to

identify the elements in a substance. (225)

Definition
Spectroscopy
Term

The assumption that a physical quantity (such as energy) cannot have any value, but is restricted to have

only discrete values (226)

Definition
Quantum assumption
Term

When an electron moves

from an orbit close to the nucleus

to an orbit far from the nucleus,

we say that the electron

has been _________. (226)

Definition
Excited
Term

When an electron moves

from an orbit far from the nucleus

to an orbit close to the nucleus,

we say it has _________. (227)

Definition
De-excited
Term

The modern-day

model of the atom in which

electrons whirl around the nucleus

in various paths called "orbitals." (228)

Definition
Quantum mechanical model
Term

A specif shape that confines

the position of an electron

relative to the nucleus. (228)

Definition
Orbital
Term
Spherical-shaped orbital
Definition
s orbital
Term

Dumb-bell shaped orbital. 

There are none of these

on the first energy level of the atom.

Definition
p orbital
Term

All forms of matter

try to stay in this state. (231)

Definition

Lowest possible energy state

(also known as "ground state")

Term

The lowest possible energy state

for a given substance (232)

Definition
Ground state
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