Term
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Definition
| Entire aggregation of cases in which a researcher is interested |
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Term
| define eligibility criteria? |
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Definition
| Characteristics that delimit the study population |
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Term
| another term for eligibility criteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| define target population? |
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Definition
| the entire population in which a researcher is interested |
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Term
| define accessible population? |
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Definition
| Composed of cases from the target population that are accessible to the researcher |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire population |
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Term
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Definition
| A subset of the population |
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Term
| define a representative sample? |
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Definition
| A sample were the main characteristics closely approximate those of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic over or underrepresentation of some segment of the population in terms of a characteristic relative to the research question |
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Term
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Definition
| A subpopulation of the main population |
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Term
| define nonprobability sampling? |
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Definition
| Researchers select elements by nonrandom method |
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Term
| define convenience sampling? |
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Definition
| Using the most conveniently available people as participants |
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Term
| what is the main problem of convenient sampling? |
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Definition
| Available subjects might be atypical of the population, risk of bias |
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Term
| define snowball sampling (network sampling or chain sampling)? |
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Definition
| Early sample members are asked to refer other people who meet eligibility criteria |
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Term
| what is the weakest form of sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Researchers identify population strata and determine how many participants are needed for each strata |
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Term
| define consecutive sampling? |
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Definition
| Involves recruiting all of the people from accessible population who meet the eligibility criteria over a set time |
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Term
| what is the main disadvantage of nonprobability sampling? |
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Definition
| Samples are rarely representative of the population |
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Term
| define probability sampling? |
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Definition
| Random selection of elements from a population |
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Term
| define a random selection? |
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Definition
| Each element in the population has an equal, independent chance of being selected |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for the list of population elements |
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Term
| what does simple random sampling guarantee and not guarantee? |
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Definition
| It guarantees that all differences between the sample and the population are pure chance, it is not guarantee representativeness |
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Term
| define stratified random sampling? |
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Definition
| The population is first divided into two or more strata, then subdivided into elements, then selected at random |
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Term
| what is the main advantage of stratified random sampling? |
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Definition
| Researchers can sharpen the representativeness of their samples |
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Term
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Definition
| A successive random sampling units |
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Term
| what is another name for cluster sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
| define systematic sampling? |
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Definition
| The selection of every nth case from a list, i.e. such as every 10th person |
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Term
| define sampling interval? |
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Definition
| Size of population/size of desired sample |
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Term
| what is the sampling interval of 10 for a population of 100? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Differences between population values and sample values (i.e. average age of population/average age of sample) |
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Term
| what is the main disadvantage of probability sampling? |
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Definition
| Inconvenience and complexity |
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Term
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Definition
| Defining how large the sample should be to adequately test the research hypothesis |
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Term
| in the sample size, if the expected difference is large how big the sample do you need? |
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Definition
| It does not take a large sample |
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Term
| in a sample size, if the differences are small, how large of a sample do you need? |
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Definition
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Term
| define convenience sampling in a qualitative study? |
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Definition
| Volunteer samples, placing an ad in a paper that looks for certain criteria |
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Term
| define snowball sampling in a qualitative study? |
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Definition
| Asking early informants to make referrals for study participants |
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Term
| what is another term for snowball sampling a qualitative study? |
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Definition
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Term
| define the role of generalizability of qualitative research? |
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Definition
| In qualitative research generalizability is not a guiding consideration |
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Term
| how is sample size calculated? |
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Definition
| calculated through power analysis |
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Term
| define maximum variation sampling? |
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Definition
| Deliberately selecting cases with a wide range of variation on dimensions |
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Term
| define extreme (deviant) case sampling? |
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Definition
| Using the most unusual and extreme informants |
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Term
| define typical case sampling? |
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Definition
| Using participants to illustrate what is typical or average |
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Term
| define criterion sampling? |
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Definition
| Uses cases who meet a predetermined criterion of importance |
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Term
| what is the best form of sampling in qualitative studies? |
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Definition
| Maximum variation sampling because it is useful in determining the scope of phenomenon |
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Term
| what theory uses theoretical sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the objective of theoretical sampling? |
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Definition
| To discover categories and their properties and to offer new insights about into relationships that occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Sampling to the point at which no new information is obtained and redundancy is achieved |
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Term
| what type of sampling occurs in ethnography? |
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Definition
| Big net approach, talking to as many people in the culture as possible |
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Term
| what is the guiding principle in sampling in phenomenological studies? |
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Definition
| All participants to experience a phenomenon and be able to say what it is like |
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Term
| how many people are sample in phenomenological studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| how may people are studied in grounded theory studies? |
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Definition
| The sample size is usually 20 to 40 people |
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Term
| define a nonresponse bias? |
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Definition
| The people who refuse to participate may actually cause a bias because they didn't participate |
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Term
| define adequacy in qualitative sampling? |
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Definition
| Refers to the efficiency and quality of the data sample yielded |
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Term
| define appropriateness in a qualitative sample? |
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Definition
| Deal is with the methods used to select the sample |
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Term
| define the main advantage of using records in data collection? |
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Definition
| They are economical define self-report? The participants responses to the questions posed by a researcher |
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Term
| what is the most common data collection approach in both qualitative and quantitative nursing studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| define structure in data collection methods? |
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Definition
| The same information is gathered from all participants in a comparable, prespecified way |
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Term
| define quantify ability in data collection methods? |
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Definition
| The data must be able to be expressed in numbers |
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Term
| define obtrusiveness in data collection methods? |
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Definition
| Participants must be aware of their status as study participants |
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Term
| define unstructured interviews in qualitative self-reports? |
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Definition
| Researchers have no preconceived view of the content or flow of information to be gathered |
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Term
| define a semi-structure (or focused) interview in a qualitative self-report? |
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Definition
| Researcher set a list of topics and broad questions |
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Term
| what is the purpose of a topic or interview guide? |
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Definition
| In sure that all areas in question are covered |
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Term
| what is a focused interview? |
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Definition
| Using 5 to 10 people whose experiences and opinions are solicited simultaneously |
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Term
| define the critical incidents technique? |
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Definition
| Using a factual incident, that had a discernible impact on some outcome |
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Term
| what is a think aloud method? |
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Definition
| Collecting data about cognitive processes |
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Term
| how do you define questionnaire in quantitative self-report techniques? |
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Definition
| That's what a respondent uses the instrument themselves |
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Term
| what is another name for a close ended question? |
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Definition
| Fixed alternative questions |
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Term
| what is a response alternative? |
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Definition
| When in a close ended question, the researcher has prespecified answers |
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|
Term
| interviews versus questionnaires, which is less costly and requires less time to administer? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| interviews versus questionnaires, which would offers a possibility of anonymity? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| interviews versus questionnaires, which one avoids bias, why? |
|
Definition
| Questionnaires because there is no interviewer present |
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Term
| describe the response rate in face-to-face interviews? |
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Definition
| Very high less likely to refuse to talk to an interviewer |
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Term
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Definition
| Rating declarative statements (items) that express a viewpoint on a topic, how much do you agree or disagree |
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Term
| define semantic differential? |
|
Definition
| Respondents are asked to rate concepts (i.e. dieting, exercise) on a series of bipolar adjectives such as good or bad or effective and noneffective |
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Term
| what is the main advantage to semantic differential? |
|
Definition
| They are flexible and easy to construct and they can rate virtually anything |
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Term
| define visual analog scale? |
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Definition
| Used to measure subjective experiences, it's a straight line between total positive and total negative at least 100 MM in length where you pick your view |
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Term
| define social desirability response set bias? |
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Definition
| Tendency to misrepresent attitudes or traits by giving answers that are consistent with prevailing social views |
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Term
| define extreme response set bias? |
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Definition
| Tendency to consistently express attitudes or feelings leading to distortions because extreme responses may be unrelated to the trait being measured |
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Term
| define acquiescence response set bias? |
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Definition
| Tendency to agree with statements regardless of their content by some people |
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Term
|
Definition
| Brief descriptions of a venture situations which respondents are asked to react |
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Term
|
Definition
| A set of cards are placed with statements, respondents are asked to sort the cards on a bipolar dimension, between 50 and 100 cards, into nine or 11 piles |
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Term
| what is the main advantage of self-report methods? |
|
Definition
| They are very direct and behaviors can be directly observed |
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|
Term
| what is the main disadvantage to self-report methods? |
|
Definition
| We have to assume that most respondents have been true there is no way to determine if they have been lying |
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|
Term
| when do you used qualitative interviews (unstructured interviews)? |
|
Definition
| When a new area of research is being explored |
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Term
| define a log (or field diary)? |
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Definition
| A record of events or conversation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Represent the observers efforts to record information and to synthesize and understand data |
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Term
| define the term thick description? |
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Definition
| Often used to characterize the goal of the participation observers descriptive notes |
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Term
|
Definition
| The effort to attach meaning to observations |
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Term
| define a methodologic notes? |
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Definition
| Reminders about how subsequent observation should be made |
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Term
|
Definition
| Comments about the researcher's own feelings during the research |
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Term
| what is the purpose of quantitative observational methods? |
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Definition
| To document specific behaviors action or events, not to capture a broad slice of ordinary life |
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Term
| define a category system in quantitative study? |
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Definition
| Recording info in a systematic fashion that is very carefully explained |
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Term
| define time sampling in observational sampling? |
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Definition
| Selecting time periods during which the observations will occur |
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Term
| what is the main disadvantage of observational sampling? |
|
Definition
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Term
| define in vivo measurements? |
|
Definition
| Measurements performed directly with in organisms |
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|
Term
| give examples of in vivo measurements? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory rate, pulse, EKG, intracranial pressure, blood pressure |
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Term
| define in vitro measurements? |
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Definition
| Measurements performed outside the organisms body |
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Term
| give examples of in vitro measurements? |
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Definition
| Arterial blood gas, urinalysis, complete blood count, labs |
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|
Term
| structure, quantifiability, researcher obtrusiveness, objectivity are the four key dimensions of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the four main key dimensions of data collection methods,SOQR? |
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Definition
| Structure, quantifibility, researcher obtrusiveness, objectivity |
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