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| The mass production of agricultural goods through mechanization and rationalization. |
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| The theory that military conflict can be avoided if both sides have roughly equivalent military power. |
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| Historically, the merchant class in feudal societies. Today, the term is often used as a synonym for the middle class. |
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| Those who own companies, or stocks and shares in companies, and use them to generate economic returns or profits. |
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| The number of a species that a particular ecosystem can support without suffering irreversible deterioration. |
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| The defining of all human relationships in terms of monetary exchange. |
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| Changes in the earth’s climate caused by the accumulation of gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide and methane. |
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| The act of depriving people of their human qualities; that is, treating people like animals or things as if they have no feelings or worth. |
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| The human use of natural resources beyond their sustainable limits. |
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| A self-sustaining community of plants and animals within a natural environment. |
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| Temporary, part-time, or contracted employment for the duration of a project. |
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| The tremendous increase in farming productivity that occurred beginning in the 1950s with the application of pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers, and the development of plant varieties specifically bred to respond to these chemical inputs. |
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| The establishment of a colonial empire in which domination is political and/or economic. |
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| A social organization set up to represent the worker's interests in both the workplace and in the broader society. |
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| A form of government based on some form of democracy coupled with capitalism. |
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| A change in the control of capitalist enterprises from owners (who predominated in Marx's day) to very well-salaried managers. |
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| A situation in which a small number of firms dominate a given industry or market. |
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| The economic position of individuals engaged in occupations that provide insecure jobs and poor benefits and conditions of work. |
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| Structured inequalities in life chances between groups in society. These inequalities are relatively fixed; individuals within each broad group have similar attitudes, beliefs, and backgrounds. |
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| An economic system in which the means of production and distribution of goods and services are publicly owned. |
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| A business corporation that operates in two or more countries. |
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| A workplace that violates one or more standards of workplace safety, labour laws, or worker compensation. Such shops now thrive in many peripheral countries. |
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