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•lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
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•serves as a food and air passageway
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–lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
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lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
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location of the vocal cords
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•flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and keeps food from entering the larynx
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•passageway for air to the bronchi
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•one of two branches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree).
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–smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
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–air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries
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•2 sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity (right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes)
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–serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity
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•muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in breathing
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•pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
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| surgical puncture to remove fluid |
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| dilation; dilatation; widening |
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| fixation; to put in place |
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| bursting forth (of blood) |
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| instrument for visual examination |
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| sudden contraction of muscles |
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| new opening (to form a mouth) |
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laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
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•adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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| respiratory failure in adults or children that results from diffuse injury to the endothelium of the lung (as in sepsis, chest trauma, massive blood transfusion, aspiration of the gastric contents, or pneumonia) and is characterized by pulmonary edema with an abnormally high amount of protein in the edematous fluid and by difficult rapid breathing and hypoxemia |
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| a chronic lung disorder that is marked by recurring episodes of airway obstruction (as from bronchospasm) manifested by labored breathing accompanied especially by wheezing and coughing and by a sense of constriction in the chest, and that is triggered by hyperreactivity to various stimuli (as allergens or rapid change in air temperature) |
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•chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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| pulmonary disease (as emphysema or chronic bronchitis) that is characterized by chronic typically irreversible airway obstruction resulting in a slowed rate of exhalation |
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| a disease of humans and domestic animals caused by a fungus of the genus Coccidioides (C. immitis) and marked especially by fever and localized pulmonary symptoms |
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| disease of the heart characterized by hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle and secondary to disease of the lungs or their blood vessels |
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| inflammation, edema, and subsequent obstruction of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi especially of infants and young children that is typically caused by a virus and is marked by episodes of difficult breathing and hoarse metallic cough |
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| a hereditary disease prevalent especially in Caucasian populations that appears usually in early childhood, is inherited as an autosomal recessive monogenic trait, involves functional disorder of the exocrine glands, and is marked especially by faulty digestion due to a deficiency of pancreatic enzymes, by difficulty in breathing due to mucus accumulation in airways, and by excessive loss of salt in the sweat |
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| deviation of the nasal septum from its normal position that results from a developmental abnormality or trauma and may be asymptomatic or cause nasal obstruction and predispose to sinusitis and nosebleed |
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| a condition characterized by air-filled expansions in interstitial or subcutaneous tissues; specifically : a condition of the lung that is marked by distension and eventual rupture of the alveoli with progressive loss of pulmonary elasticity, that is accompanied by shortness of breath with or without cough, and that may lead to impairment of heart action |
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| nosebleed; an attack of bleeding from the nose |
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| any of several acute highly contagious respiratory diseases caused by strains of three major orthomyxoviruses now considered to comprise three species assigned to three separate genera |
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| pneumonia that is caused by a bacterium of the genus Legionella (L. pneumophila), that is characterized initially by symptoms resembling influenza (as malaise, headache, and muscular aches) followed by high fever, cough, diarrhea, lobar pneumonia, and mental confusion, and that may be fatal especially in elderly and immunocompromised individuals |
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•obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
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| sleep apnea that is caused by recurring interruption of breathing during sleep due to obstruction usually of the upper airway especially by weak, redundant, or malformed pharyngeal tissues, that occurs chiefly in overweight middle-aged and elderly individuals, and that results in hypoxemia and frequent arousals during the night and in excessive sleepiness during the day |
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whooping cough; an infectious disease especially of children caused by a bacterium of the genus Bordetella (B. pertussis) and marked by a convulsive spasmodic cough sometimes followed by a crowing intake of breath
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| an exudation of fluid from the blood or lymph into a pleural cavity |
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| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
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| embolism of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches that is produced by foreign matter and most often a blood clot originating in a vein of the leg or pelvis and that is marked by labored breathing, chest pain, fainting, rapid heart rate, cyanosis, shock, and sometimes death |
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| a usually chronic highly variable disease that is caused by a bacterium of the genus Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis) and rarely in the United States by a related mycobacterium (M. bovis), is usually communicated by inhalation of the airborne causative agent, affects especially the lungs but may spread to other areas (as the kidney or spinal column) from local lesions or by way of the lymph or blood vessels, and is characterized by fever, cough, difficulty in breathing, inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, caseation, pleural effusion, and fibrosis |
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•upper respiratory infection (URI)
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| of, relating to, or affecting the upper respiratory tract |
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•radiographic images of internal organs using ionizing radiation
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•scans using radioactive material to determine the functional capacity of an organ
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•sonograms, or echograms, using high-frequency sound waves to create an image of body organs
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computed tomography (CT scans) |
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•computerized images of body organs in slices, horizontally
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans)
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•gives information about the body’s biochemistry by placing the patient in a magnetic field
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•endoscopes, which are lighted, flexible instruments, are used for visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity
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•diagnostic procedures performed on specimens such as blood, tissue, sputum, and urine
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•diagnostic tests performed to determine lung function
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–chest CT (computed tomography) scan
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| is a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing. |
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| a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. |
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–ventilation-perfusion scanning
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| type of medical imaging using scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within a patient's lungs,[1] in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio. |
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–acid-bacilli (AFB) smear
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| The acid-fast bacilli smear is a test performed on sputum and is used to detect bacili, specifically of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. |
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–arterial blood gases (ABGs)
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Definition
| measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. This test is used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. |
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–pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
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Definition
| broad range of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and exhale air and how efficiently they transfer oxygen into the blood. |
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Definition
| a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin. |
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| The tuberculosis skin test is a test used to determine if someone has developed an immune response to the bacterium that causes tuberculosis |
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| a passageway for air into or out of the lungs; specifically : a device passed into the trachea by way of the mouth or nose or through an incision to maintain a clear respiratory passageway |
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| a lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body that is usually caused by interruption of breathing and that causes unconsciousness |
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| material removed by aspiration |
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| a drug or natural substance in the body causing bronchoconstriction |
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| relating to or causing expansion of the bronchial air passages |
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| to expel air from the lungs suddenly with an explosive noise usually in a series of efforts |
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| a spasmodic inhalation with closure of the glottis accompanied by a peculiar sound |
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| excessive ventilation; specifically : excessive rate and depth of respiration leading to abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the blood |
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| deficient ventilation of the lungs that results in reduction in the oxygen content or increase in the carbon dioxide content of the blood or both |
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| containing both mucus and pus |
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| a viscid slippery secretion that is usually rich in mucins and is produced by mucous membranes which it moistens and protects |
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| atomizer; specifically : an atomizer equipped to produce an extremely fine spray for deep penetration of the lungs |
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| acquired or occurring in a hospital |
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| a sudden attack or spasm (as of a disease) |
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| affording free passage : being open and unobstructed |
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| matter expectorated from the respiratory system and especially the lungs and bronchi in diseased states that is composed chiefly of mucus but may contain pus, blood, fibrin, or microorganisms (as bacteria) |
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| a device for maintaining artificial respiration |
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| acute respiratory distress syndrome; adult respiratory distress syndrome |
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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| computed tomography; computerized tomography |
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| left lower lobe (of lung) |
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physical exam or pulmonary embolism
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| upper respiratory infection |
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| Volume Performance Standard |
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