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| Innermost part of Earth consisting of nickel and iron. The inner part is solid, the outer part is liquid. |
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| The thick layer of material below the thin crust and above Earth's core. Mostly peridotite in its upper part. Its density approximates 3.2 or 3.3 g/cm3 in the upper part and 4.5g/cm3 in the lower part. |
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| Rigid outer rind of Earth approximately 60 to 100 kilometers thick; it forms the lithospheric plates. |
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| Part of Earth's mantle below the lithosphere that behaves in a plastic manner. The rigid and brittle lithosphere moves over it. |
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| The lower mantle in the region between the asthenosphere and the outer core. |
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| The theory that lithospheric plates that move relative to one another collide in some places, pull apart in others, and slide past one another in still others. These movements cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions as well as build mountain ranges. The theory is supported by a wide range of data. |
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| A high-standing rift or spreading zone in an ocean- for example, the mid-Atlantic Ridge or the East Pacific Rise. |
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| The area around a magnet in which magnetism is felt. |
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| The temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp change in their magnetic properties, about 570° C (1,060° F). |
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| Boundary between Earth's crust and mantle. It is detected from the contrast between the slower seismic velocities of the crust (generally 5 to 7 km/sec.) and the upper mantle (approximately 8km/sec). |
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| Super continent that began to break up to form today's continents 225 million years ago. |
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| Lower density crust floats in Earth's higher density mantle. Also called isostatic equilibrium. |
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| An elongate spreading zone in Earth's lithosphere. |
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| The process in which the ocean floor is extended when two plates move apart. |
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| Convergent boundary along which lithospheric plates come together and one descends beneath the other, often ocean floor descending beneath continent. |
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| The transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. |
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| Where volcanic eruptions build islands |
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| where volcanic activity builds continents |
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| An elongate depression in the ocean floor at a subduction zone between two tectonic plates and most commonly at the edge of an active continental margin. Most are at the margins of the Pacific Ocean. |
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| A tectonic plate boundary along which two plates come together by either subduction or continent-continent collision. |
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| A spreading plate boundary such as a mid-oceanic ridge. |
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| Boundary along which lithospheric plates slide laterally past one another. |
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| A force related to the stretching of an object. |
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| The system of forces that tend to decrease the volume of or shorten rocks. |
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| The response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress and forms particular textures. |
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| Evidence of Alfred Wegnener's theory of continental drift |
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| Evidence of seafloor spreading and plate motion |
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| types of stress related to plate boundary produced |
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| features associated with divergent plate boundaries |
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| features associated with convergent subduction zone boundaries |
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| features associated with transform boundaries |
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| earthquake depth and intensity in relation to different types of plate boundaries |
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| what is the primary driving mechanism for plate tectonics? |
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| Within which type of plate boundary did the rocks that make up San Francisco form? |
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