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ETHICS

KNOWLEDGE OF RIGHT AND WRONG

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LAWS

BASED ON ETHICS, ENFORCEABLE RULES OF CONDUCT IN SOCIETY 

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OBRA

The Omnibus Reconciliation Act passed in 1987- passed in response to reports of poor care and abuse in long-term care facilities. Sets a minimum standard of care which includes standardized training of nursing assistants. Requires NATCEP set a minimum of 75 hours of training for nursing assistants. Must attend 12 hours of class each year to keep their skills updated. 

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MDS

The Minimum Data Set developed in 1990 is a resident assessment system. It is a detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents. 

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RESIDENT'S RIGHTS

They specify how resident's must be treated while living in a facility according to ethical values and codes of conduct.

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INFORMED CONSENT

The process by which a person, with the help of a doctor, makes informed decisions about their health care (their right to make independent choices). 

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NEGLECT

The failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental, or emotional abuse. 

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NEGLIGENCE

The action or the failure to act or provide the proper care for a resident, resulting in unintended injury.

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MALPRACTICE

Occurs when a person is injured due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness, or lack of skill.

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WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

Abuse of staff by other staff members, residents, or visitors.

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SUBSTANCE ABUSE

The repeated use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that harms oneself or others. 

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MANDATORY REPORTERS

People who are legally required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect because they have regular contact with vulnerable populations, such as the elderly. 

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DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY

(Sometimes called a healthcare proxy) is a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make medical decisions for a person in the event that she becomes unable to do so.

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DNR

A DO NOT RESUSCITATE ORDER is a medical order that instructs medical professionals not to perform CPR.

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POLST

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment is a medical order that specifies the treatments a person wishes to receive when he is very ill.

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VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Involves the use of words, spoken or written. Oral reports are an example.

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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Communicating without using words, but by using gestures.

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OBJECTIVE INFORMATION

Based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells. Objective information is collected by using the senses.

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SUBJECTIVE INFORMATION

Something a person cannot or did not observe. It is something that the resident reported that may or may not be true.

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CYANOTIC

Skin that is blue or gray

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INCIDENT

An accident, problem, or unexpected event during the course of care. It is something that is not part of the normal routine. 

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IMPAIRMENT

A loss of function or ability.

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NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS

The ability to see things near but not far.

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CVA

Cerebrovascular accident is a stroke, occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blockader a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain.

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HEMIPLEGIA

Paralysis on one side of the body.

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HEMIPARESIS

Weakness on one side of the body.

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APHASIA

Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing (expressive aphasia). Or difficulty understanding spoken or written words (receptive aphasia). 

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DYSPHAGIA

Difficulty swallowing

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DNI

 A DO NOT INTUBATE order means that no breading tube will be placed in the person, even though some CPR measures and medications may be used.

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DNH

A DO NOT HOSPITALIZE order means that the person does not want to be sent to the hospital for treatment. It does NOT mean that the person does not want to be treated at all. It means they want to be treated where they are residing.