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Module 2
Management Functions
63
Aviation
Professional
08/26/2009

Additional Aviation Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

2.1

 

What is the primary goal and duty of airport management?

Definition

 

 

The safe and efficient operation of the airport in accordance with standards.

Term

2.2

 

What are the five principal functions that describe management today?

Definition

1. Planning

 

2. Organizing

 

3.  Staffing

 

4.  Leading

 

5.  Controlling

Term

2.3

 

True or False:  Managers must be able to control a set of constituencies instead of a set of subordinates

Definition

 

 

100 billion percent TRUE

Term

2.4

 

Though the planning process should occur at all organizational levels, the decisional aspects of organizational planning is typically carried out by whom?

Definition

 

 

Highest level of the organization WITH input from lower levels

Term

2.5

 

Describe the organizing function of management

Definition

 

The grouping of activites and tasks in the most efficient and effective manner to accomplish organizational goals

Term

2.6

 

What three characteristics can be used to describe organizational structure?

Definition

1.  Complexity

 

2.  Centralization

 

3.  Formalization

Term

2.7

 

What are the five most common organizational forms?

Definition

1.  Simple

 

2.  Functional

 

3.  Matrix

 

4.  Conglomerate

 

5.  Divisional

Term

2.8

 

Why is planning an important managerial function?

(3 items)

Definition

1.  Establishes the path for where the airport is going

 

2.  Establishes how that path is "going to look"

 

3.  Maximizes effective reactions to circumstances

Term

2.9

 

What six steps are typically involved in organizing?

Definition

1.  Develop organizational structure

 

2.  Channels of authority

 

3.  Reporting relationships

 

4.  Communication links

 

5.  Division of labor

 

6.  Assignment of responsibility

Term

2.10

 

What does "formalization" mean in an organizational structure?

Definition

 

 

The extent to which an organization relies on strict rules or procedures

Term

2.11

 

What are the advantages of a simple organization?

(3 items)

Definition

1.  Flexibility

 

2.  Inexpensive to maintain

 

3.  Clear accountability

Term

2.12

 

What are the two advantages of a functional organization?

Definition

1.  Job specialization

 

2.  Economies of scale

Term

2.13

 

What are the two disadvantages of a divisional organization?

Definition

1.  Duplication of resources

 

2.  Complex and formal in operation

Term

2.14

 

Name the three advantages of a matrix organization.

Definition

1.  Flexibility

 

2.  Use of existing resources for new projects

 

3.  Draw upon experts internal to organization to acheive a specific task

Term

2.15

 

Name the four disadvantages of a matrix organization.

Definition

1.  Multiple reporting relationships

 

2.  Violates the "unity of command" principle

 

3.  Unclear roles and responsibilities

 

4.  Unclear reporting relationships

Term

2.16

 

What are the three types of authority in an organization?

Definition

1.  Line

 

2.  Staff

 

3.  Functional

Term

2.17

 

Define "line authority" in an organization.

Definition

 

 

The ability of a manager to direct the work of subordinates

Term

2.18

 

Define "funcational authority" in an organization.

Definition

 

 

Ability of a manager to direct the activities of those not in the span of control

Term

2.19

 

What are the eight factors that affect a manager's span of control?

Definition

1.  Manager and staff competence

 

2.  Space b/n staff members (physical dispersion)

 

3.  Amount of non-managerial work

 

4.  Degree of interaction

 

5.  Standardization of work

 

6.  Task similarity

 

7.  Incidence of unique problems

 

8.  Preference for autonomy

Term

2.20

 

What are the three reasons a manager would want to do a job analysis?

Definition

1.  To group tasks into a complete job

 

2.  To determine nature of the work to be done

 

3.  To determine the skills, tools and working conditions of the job

Term

2.21

 

What are the four methods used to break down the issue of montony in job specialization?

Definition

1.  Rotation

 

2.  Enlargement

 

3.  Enrichement

 

4.  Characteristics

Term

2.22

 

What are the five key job characteristics?

Definition

1.  Skill variety

 

2.  Task identity

 

3.  Task significance

 

4.  Autonomy

 

5.  Feedback

Term

2.23

 

What is "skill variety?"

Definition

 

The degree in which the job requires employees to use a number of skills.

Term

2.24

 

What is "task identity?"

Definition

 

The degree to which work performed is an identifiable whole

Term

2.25

 

What is "task significance"

Definition

 

The degree to which an employee PERCEIVES importance of a task

Term

2.26

 

What is meant by "autonomy" as it relates to job characteristics?

Definition

 

The degree of freedom the manager provides for the completion of a task

Term

2.27

 

What is meant by "feedback" as it relates to job characteristics?

Definition

 

 

The ability of the job to provide information on task performance

Term

2.28

 

Why is staffing an important management function?

(2 items)

Definition

1. Increased attention in the effective and efficient use of resources

 

2.  Increased government regulation and court decisions on employment matters.

Term

2.29

 

What are the four benefits to recruiting persons from WITHIN an organization?

Definition

1.  Increases employee moral

 

2.  Increases employee motivation

 

3.  Ability to assess employee strenghts/weaknessess

 

4.  Reduced cost of initial training (reduced learning curve)

Term

2.30

 

What are the three benefits for recruiting employees from OUTSIDE the organization?

Definition

1.  Acquisition of new ideas

 

2.  Can resolve personnel issues

 

3.  Savings in time if recruiting agency is used (?)

Term

2.31

 

Why is the concept of a learning organization important to airport managers?

Definition

 

Because personnel at an airport typically use their knowledge more than their physical attributes. 

 

(Drucker also states that we live in a knowledge society and that knowledge is 1) easily gained and 2) highly mobile)

Term

2.32

 

What is the distinction between DIRECTING and LEADING?

Definition

 

Directing is the sole use of authority or power to accomplish tasks whereas leading reflects employees accepting responsibility for achieving tasks.

 

"Leading is getting somebody to do what you want to do because they want to do it"

Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower

Term

2.33

 

What are the seven types of power an effective manager can use?

Definition

1.  Coercive

2. Referent

3.  Legitimate

4.  Expert

5.  Connection

6.  Reward

7.  Information

Term

2.34

 

What is the distinction between LEADING and MANAGING?

(3 items)

Definition

1.  Leading is more concerned with style whereas managing is more concerned with process

2.  Leading is coping with change whereas managing is coping with complexity

3.  Leaders facilitate a learning organization whereas managers depend on others for information

Term

2.35

 

What are the three types of control that can be exercised in an organization

Definition

1. Operational

 

2.  Organizational

 

3.  Strategic

Term

2.36

 

What does operational control focus on?

Definition

 

The processes an organization follows OR the products an organization creates

Term

2.37

 

What are the three types of operational control?

Definition

1. Preliminary control

 

2.  Concurrent control

 

3.  After-the-fact control

Term

2.38

 

What does organizational control focus on?

Definition

 

 

The overall design and operating systems of the organization

Term

2.39

 

What are the two types of organizational control?

Definition

 

1.  Bureaucratic control

 

2.  Clan control

Term

2.40

 

What does strategic control focus on?

Definition

 

How the total organization relates to its operating environment

Term

2.41

 

What are the four control techniques an organization can use to acheive its goals?

Definition

1. Financial

 

2.  Human Resource

 

3.  Operations

 

4.  Marketing

Term

2.42

 

What is organizational development centered on?

Definition

 

Changing the organizational culture so that it can adapt to the environment and respond for efficiently and effectively.  It does not focus on individual change.

Term

2.43

 

What five factors influence an airport to undergo organizational development?

Definition

1.  Political pressure

 

2.  Changing concerns of constituents

 

3.  Changing operational environment

 

4.  New regulations

 

5.  Internal desire

Term

2.44

 

What three levels of performance should a manager look at prior to reorganization?

Definition

1. Individual performance

 

2.  Process/procedure performance

 

3.  Organizational performace

Term

2.45

 

Employees typically resist organizational change for what four reasons?

Definition

1.  They believe that the change is not in their best interest

 

2.  They do not understand the change

 

3.  They view the reason for change differently than management

 

4.  They have a low tolerance for change

Term

2.46

 

What are the four ways a manager can address employee resistance to change?

Definition

1. Communicate plans prior to the change

 

2.  Involve employees in the process

 

3.  Negotiate through the use of incentives and disincentives

 

4.  Coersion (least effective!)

Term

2.47

 

What four aspects should a manager consider before introducing an organizational change?

Definition

1.  The amount and location of potential resistance

 

2.  The position b/n the sponsor and receiver of change

 

3.  Information required for those able to implement the change

 

4.  Stakes at hand

Term

2.48

 

What are the six steps in a strategic planning exercise?

Definition

1.  Development of a mission and vision statement

 

2.  SWOT analysis

 

3.  Development of strategic and tactical plans

 

4.  Acquisition of resources

 

5.  Implementation

 

6.  Evaluation and revision

Term

2.49

 

What is the difference between a VISION and a MISSION statement?

Definition

A vision statement is an ambitious statement of what the organization WISHES to become. 

 

A mission statement outlines the PRODUCT or SERVICE the organization offers, who the customer is and the scope of operations.

Term

2.50

 

What are the three strategies for obtaining a competitive advantage?

Definition

1.  Low-Cost producer

 

2.  Differentiation

 

3.  Focus

Term

2.51

 

When is an airport considered "world-class?"

Definition

 

When it can provide a product or service that is as good as or better than any other airport in the world.

Term

2.52

 

How does an airport become world class?

Definition
Through a competitive advantage and by displaying social responsibility.
Term

2.53

 

How can a manger's activitises be generally catergorized in an organization?

(2 items)

Definition

1. Function

 

2.  Role

Term

2.54 

What is meant by "managerial role?"

Definition

 

The characteristics and expected behaviors of an individulal in a job.

Term

2.55

 

What is meant by the "complexity" of an organizational structure?

Definition

 

The degree of differentiation in the organization

Term

2.56

 

What is meant by "centralization" in an organizational structure?

Definition

 

The degree to which decision-making authority is centralized in an organization.

Term

2.57

 

Which of the three types of authority in an organization is the most critical to the functioning of the organization?

Definition

 

 

Line authority

Term

2.58

 

Which of the three types of authority in an organization refers to the ability of staff members to carry out their assignments?

Definition

 

Staff authority

Term

2.59

 

What are the three different systems used to collect information within an organization?

Definition

1.  Management Information System

 

2.  Decision Support System

 

3.  Geographic Information System

Term

2.60

 

What is the purpose of any organizational information system?

Definition

To provide ACCURATE and TIMELY information to a manager in support of their decision making process
Term

2.61

 

What is the difference between organizational DEVELOPMENT and organizational DESIGN?

Definition

 

Organizational design focuses on how to construct an organization to accomplish organization goals

 

Organizational development addresses how effectively an organization responds and adapts to change

Term

2.62

 

What are the three steps to the change process according to Lewin?

Definition

1.  Unfreezing

 

2.  Moving

 

3. Refreezing

Term

2.63

 

What are the six steps of change according to Dressler?

Definition

1.  Awareness of pressure to change

 

2.  Recognizing the need for change

 

3.  Diagnosing the problem correctly

 

4.  Planning the change to address the problem

 

5.  Implementing the change

 

6.  Reinforcing the change

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