Term
| Systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer quesstions and solve problems |
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Definition
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Term
| Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession |
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Definition
| nursing research (define) |
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Term
| the use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions |
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Definition
| evidence-based practice (define) |
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Term
| what were the first two things studied in nursing research? |
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Definition
| Educational preparation and clinical experience of nursing students |
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Term
| What organization was the first to fund nursing research in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the focus of Nursing research in the 1950s? |
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Definition
| Who is a nurse and what does the nurse do, why they choose nursing, group views of nurses |
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Term
| What was the focus of Nursing research in the 1950s? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the focus of Nursing research in the 1960s? |
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Definition
| Practice-oriented research on clinical topics |
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Term
| What belief ignited Nursing research further in the 1970s? |
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Definition
| Need for scientific base for practice |
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Term
| What 2 major developments occurred in the 1980s? |
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Definition
| Development of Research Priorities, Methods for Research Utilization |
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Term
| What major development occurred in the 1990s? |
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Definition
| Establishment of National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) at National Institute of Health (NIH) |
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Term
| developing generalizations from specific observations |
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Definition
| inductive reasoning (define) |
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Term
| developing specific predictions from general principles |
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Definition
| deductive reasoning (define) |
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Term
| why is the validity of reasoning limited? |
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Definition
| Because it all depends on the accuracy of the information when you start |
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Term
| the belief in reality as to understand it but the impossibility of total objectivity |
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Definition
| postpositvist paradigm (define) |
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Term
| what is another name for the positivist paradigm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for naturalistic paradigm? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is reality defined in the naturalistic paradigm? |
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Definition
| Reality is not fixed entity but a construction of individuals participating in the research. Reality exists within a context with any construction possible |
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Term
| How is knowledge maximized in the naturalistic paradigm? |
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Definition
| When the distance between the Inquirer and subject is minimized. |
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Term
| The ability to generalize research findings to individuals other than those who participated in the study |
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Definition
| generalizability (define) |
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Term
| the view that quantitative research in the positive paradigm is very narrow and inflexible |
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Definition
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Term
| what is Research utilization (RU)? |
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Definition
| The use of study findings in a practical application unrelated to the original research |
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Term
| What is Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)? |
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Definition
| Basing clinical decisions on best possible evidence— especially high-quality research |
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Term
| what is indirect research utilization? |
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Definition
| Changing in nurses thinking |
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Term
| what is direct research utilization? |
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Definition
| The direct use of findings in giving patient care |
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Term
| what is a persuasive utilization? |
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Definition
| Use of findings to persuade others in decision-making positions |
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Term
| What is Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) project? |
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Definition
| Project to increase the use of research in daily practice and encourage collaborative research |
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Term
| What did Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) project show? |
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Definition
| RU is feasible only if it was related to clinical practice |
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Term
| what did Archie Cochrane propose? |
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Definition
| Evidence Hierarchy for weighing evidence |
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Term
| what did David Sackett do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| review evidence hierarchy |
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Term
| what is a systematic review? |
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Definition
| Is like a literature review but is more a methodic scholarly inquiry that follows many of the same steps as other studies |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically. Uses mulitple studies as a single unit of information and combines them |
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Term
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Definition
| Integrating qualitative findings on the specific topic that our interpretations from other narrative information, amplifies and interprets info |
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Term
| What does the Stelter Model or research do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the IOWA model of EBP do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a critically apprasied topic? |
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Definition
| Quick summary of a clinical questions and an apprasial of best evidence, beings with clinical bottom line |
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Term
| what is a background question? |
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Definition
| The foundational questions of a clinical issue, can be found in books |
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Term
| What is a foreground question? |
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Definition
| quetsions that can be answered based on current best research |
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Term
| In PICO, what does the P stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| In PICO, what does the I stand for? |
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Definition
| intervention or area of intrest |
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Term
| In PICO, what does the C stand for? |
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Definition
| comparison intervenion/group |
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Term
| In PICO, what does the O stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the M in PICOM stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 fundamental ethical principiles of research? |
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Definition
| Respect for people, benficence, justice |
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Term
| What are problem focus triggers in EBP? |
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Definition
| the identification of a clincial pratice problem in need of a solution |
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Term
| What is knowledge focused trigger in EBP? |
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Definition
| the reading of the research literature |
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Term
| Define clinical practice guidelines? |
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Definition
| an effort to distill a body of evidence into a usable form, they give specif recommendations for decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| group that facicialtes the evualtion of clinical practice guidelines |
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Term
| Define implementation potential (environmental readiness)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| whether it makes sense to implement the innovations in your practice setting |
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Term
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Definition
| practicalites (i.e. the availablity of staff or money, organizational climate) |
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Term
| Define cost to benefit ratio? |
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Definition
| Not only the cost of implmenting, but the cost of not implementing it as well |
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Term
| What do you call the people in a quantitative study? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you call the people in a qualitative study? |
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Definition
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Term
| what term is acceptable to both quantitative and qualitative studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you call abstraction in a quantitative and qualitative study? |
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Definition
| Quantitative (concepts), qualitative (phenomena) |
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Term
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Definition
| A mental representation inferred from situations or behavior |
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Term
| what is the difference between a concept and construction? |
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Definition
| Constructs are deliberately and systematically invented for a study to |
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Term
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Definition
| Abstract explanation of some aspect of reality |
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Term
| what is a theory made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are you supposed to do with the dependent variable? |
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Definition
| Try to understand explain in regard to outcome |
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Term
| what are you trying to do with the independent variable? |
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Definition
| It corresponds to the intervention or exposure within EBP |
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Term
| define a conceptual definition? |
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Definition
| It presents the abstract or theoretical meaning of the concept being studied |
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Term
| define the operational definition ? |
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Definition
| It specifies the operation that researchers must perform to collect the required information |
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Term
| define experimental research? |
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Definition
| Researchers actively introducing interventions |
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Term
| define nonexperimental research? |
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Definition
| Research that just watches |
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Term
| what is experimental research designed to test? |
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Definition
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Term
| define a casual relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Understand social processes that occur in a social setting |
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Term
| in grounded theory, what is core variable? |
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Definition
| What is central in explaining what is going on |
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Term
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Definition
| Concerned with the lived experiences humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning from members of a culture to understand their world view |
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Term
| define intervention protocol? |
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Definition
| Specifying exactly what intervention will entail and what the alternative condition would be |
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Term
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Definition
| All and I do mean all the subjects with a defining characteristic |
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Term
| define representativeness? |
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Definition
| How typical or representative the sample is of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| A design that emerges during the course of data collection |
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Term
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Definition
| When the categories in the data become repetitive and redundant |
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Term
| What was the first international code of ethics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the section of code set forth by the DHHS regarding ethics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary role of ethics committees |
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Definition
| To protect human research participants |
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Term
| What are the 3 main components of the Belmont report? |
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Definition
| Beneficence, respect for human dignity and justice |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimize harm and maximize benefits |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define the principle of self determination? |
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Definition
| prospect patients have the right to participate in a study wihtout risking penalty or different treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| researcher has fully deescribed the nature of the study, right to refuse, risks and benefits, and researches duties and roles |
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Term
| What are the two main problems with full disclosure? |
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Definition
| creating biases of accuracy and sample recruitment (does high absenteeism relate to drug use) |
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Term
| Define risk benefit assessment? |
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Definition
| Whether the benefits of a participating in a study are in line with the costs |
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Term
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Definition
| Risk is no greater than daily life or routine physical or psychological tests or procedures |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly used in qualitative research, researches continually renegotiate consent |
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Term
| Difference between anonymity and confidentiality? |
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Definition
| Anonmity means PI can't link participants to data. Confidentiality means that it will not be pubilcally supported |
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Term
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Definition
| With children, who can not give consent, it means they still want to particpate. |
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Term
| What US agency handles research misconduct? |
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Definition
| The ORI (office of research integrity) |
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Term
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Definition
| making up data or study results and reporting them |
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Term
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Definition
| inovlves mainpulating research material, equpiment, proceses, and changing or omitting data |
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Term
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Definition
| Information from various studies are used to develop a common metric (effect size) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of effect size (common metric)? |
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Definition
| Yields info about existence of relationship between variables and and estimate of its magnitude |
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Term
| What are the three advantages of meta-analysis? |
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Definition
| its power, objectivity and precision |
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Term
| Who uses meta analysis and who uses metasynthesis? |
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Definition
| Meta analysis (quantitative) metasynthesis (qualitative) |
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Term
| why is a meta-anaylsis objective? |
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Definition
| Because it relies on statistical formulas. |
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Term
| Define the power of a meta analysis? |
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Definition
| The probability of detecting a true relationship |
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Term
| define precision in a meta analysi? |
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Definition
| Draws conclusions on how big an effect an intervention has |
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Term
| what is the prerequisite to using statistical integration? |
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Definition
| The research question, hypothesis, independent variables and independent variables are similar |
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Term
| if they are only a few studies, do they merit systematic review? |
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Definition
| No you need more for an average. |
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Term
| If the same hypothesis is tested and the results are highly conflicting, do they merit to review? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first step in a meta-analysis? |
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Definition
| Finding a problem statement or research question. |
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Term
| Define statistical heterogeneity? |
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Definition
| If the results are highly variable that meta-analysis may be inappropriate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Studies with limited distribution i.e. dissertation unpublished reports and so on |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for published studies to systematically alter present statistically significant findings |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the AHRQ (agency for healthcare research and quality)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most critical element in all studies for analysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extraction and coding of information should be completed by how many people? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can mean differences in studies be averaged in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define a sensitivity analysis? |
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Definition
| a test to see how sensitive the results of an analysis are to changes in the way analysis was done. |
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Term
| What model would you use would heterogeneity is low? |
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Definition
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Term
| What model do you use when heterogeneity is more varied? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define subgroup analysis? |
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Definition
| Splitting effect size information for studies into distinct categorical groups |
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Term
| what is a failsafe number? |
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Definition
| Estimation of the number of studies with effect size of zero that would be needed to reverse the conclusion. |
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Term
| Define a pooled effect estimate? |
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Definition
| Weighted average of the effects estimated in primary studies. |
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Term
| How does a forest plot display the results of the study? |
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Definition
| It displays it in confidence intervals. |
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Term
| What does the width of a confidence interval indicate? |
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Definition
| A confidence interval width will indicate the power of the study. |
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Term
| What does the blob in the middle of a confidence interval represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a vertical line in a meta-analysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a funnel plot? |
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Definition
| The purpose is to show publication bias |
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Term
| Noblit and Hare, Paterson et al, and Sanelowski are people who have approach to measure what? |
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Definition
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Term
| define the Noblit and hare approach? |
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Definition
| Performing a preanalysis, deciding how they are related and making a final synthesis |
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Term
| Define meta-data-analysis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Study of methodolic rigor of stidues including in metasynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Analysis of theoretical underpinning on which studies are grouned |
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Term
| Who uses meta-data-anaylsi, meta-method, and meta theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the Sandelowski and Barroso approach? |
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Definition
| Finding are synopses of qualitative data without conceptual reframing and synthesis are more interprative data |
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Term
| What does I stand for in IMRAD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does M stand for in IMRAD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does R stand for in IMRAD? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does AD stand for in IMRAD? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should a title be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things should be in a quantitative journal title? |
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Definition
| Independent and dependent variable and population |
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Term
| How long should an abstract be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define a statistical test? |
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Definition
| Procedure for testing hypothesis in estimating the probability of results |
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Term
| define statistically significant? |
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Definition
| Findings are probably true and can be replicated with a new sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to generalize or come to conclusions based on limited information |
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Term
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Definition
| The accuracy and consistency of information you study. |
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Term
| Define statistical probability? |
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Definition
| Probability that the same results would be obtained with a new sample of subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| Are the methods really measuring the abstract concepts they are supposed to measure or are they measuring something else. |
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Term
| Trustworthiness and credibility do with which study? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The use of multiple sources to talk to you about what the truth is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influence produces an error in an estimate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define a systematic bias? |
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Definition
| When a bias a uniform, such as using a scale that is actually two pounds over. |
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Term
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Definition
| Holding a constant influence on the dependent variable so that the relationship between independent and dependent variables can be seen |
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Term
| Define confounding (extraneous) variables? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tool used to prvent bias from awareness, concel info from people to enhance objectivity |
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Term
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Definition
| process of reflecting critically on the self, and analyzing and making note of personal values that could influence data interpretation |
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Term
| Define thick description? |
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Definition
| rich and complete descritption of the research setting and of observed actions and processess. |
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