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| a method of making a map by projecting the globe onto a surrounding cone whose point is above one of the poles and then flattening the cone. |
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| also called an orthophanic projection, is one way of transferring information from a round globe to a flat map. This type of projection, elliptical in shape, shows the entire world in a single plane. The poles are depicted as lines instead of points. The Robinson projection was designed in 1963 by Arthur H. Robinson of the University of Wisconsin to minimize distortion, particularly near the equator, and to give the world a realistic appearance. |
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| a method of making a map of the globe on a flat surface in which the meridians and latitudes are shown as straight lines that cross at right angles |
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| when 2 or more life forms are unable to exist or survive without each other |
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| line on a map connecting points on a land surface that are the same elevation above sea level |
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| the study and mapping of the features on the surface of land, including natural features such as mountains and rivers and constructed features such as highways and railroads |
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| the science, skill, or work of making maps |
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| a representation of or way of representing a three-dimensional object, especially part of the Earth's surface, on a two-dimensional surface |
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| the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian that stretches from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through Greenwich, England. Longitude is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. |
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| an imaginary line joining points on Earth's surface that are all of equal distance north or south of the equator |
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| the portion of Earth's surface that is water, including the seas and water in the atmosphere |
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| the solid outer layer of the Earth above the asthenosphere, consisting of the crust and upper mantle |
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| any of the four planets that are nearest the Sun and are similar in density and composition. The terrestrial planets are Mars, Venus, Mercury, and Earth. |
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| theory that explains the formation, alteration, and extremely slow movement of the continents across the Earth's crust. The continents are thought to have been formed from one large landmass that split, drifted apart, and in places collided again. |
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| a theory that ascribes continental drift, volcanic and seismic activity, and the formation of mountain belts to moving plates of the Earth's crust supported on less rigid mantle rocks |
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| to be carried under the edge of an adjoining continental or oceanic plate, causing tensions in the Earth's crust that can produce earthquakes or volcanic eruptions |
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a process by which a body of rock or a landmass increases in size as a result of material accumulating on or around it
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a process by which the size of a continent increases as a result of the moving together and deforming of tectonic plates |
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| a fine-grained yellowish brown deposit of soil left by the wind. The loess deposited by winds from Central Asia provided the basis for productive farming in early China. |
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| a mass of earth and rock debris carried by an advancing glacier and left at its front and side edges as it retreats |
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| either of the times when the Sun is farthest from the equator, on or about June 21 or December 21. The summer solstice falls in June in the northern hemisphere but in December in the southern hemisphere, and vice versa for the winter solstice. |
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| warming of the Earth's surface as a result of atmospheric pollution by gases. It is now feared that the warming effects are being undesirably increased, causing climate changes and melting polar icecaps. |
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| a line of latitude that is about 23° 26' north of the equator |
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| a line of latitude that is 23° 26' south of the equator |
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| the observed deflection of something such as a missile in flight relative to the surface of Earth, caused by Earth's rotation beneath the object. The deflection is to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. |
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| an area with no wind or light variable winds just north of the equator in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, situated between the trade winds |
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| a periodic change in the currents of the Pacific Ocean that occurs every five to eight years and brings unusually warm water to the coast of northern South America. It often leads to severe climate disruption to countries in and beside the Pacific. |
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| facing the wind, or on the side of something, especially a boat, that is facing the wind |
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| situated away from the wind, or on the side of something, especially a boat, that is away or sheltered from the wind |
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| an area on the side of a mountain barrier that is sheltered from prevailing winds and rain-bearing clouds, resulting in relatively dry conditions |
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| a dense thicket of bushes or small trees, especially of evergreen oaks in southern California |
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| any tree that has thin leaves needles and produces cones. Many types are evergreen. Pines, firs, junipers, larches, spruces, and yews are conifers |
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