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| refers to the various physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act in a specific way at a particular time. |
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| innate tendencies or biological forces that determine behavior. |
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| an innate biological force that predisposes an organism to behave in a fixed way in the presence of a specific environmental condition. |
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| biological state in which an organism lacks something necessary for survival. |
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| produced by need; state that motivates the organism to satisfy the need. |
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| the body's return to a balanced state. |
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| says that a need results in a drive, which motivates the organism to satisfy the need and go back to homeostasis. |
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| environmental factors (external rewards) that motivate people. |
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| involves engaging in certain activities or behaviors that either reduce biological needs or help us obtain incentives. |
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| engaging in activites for personal fulfillment. |
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| physiological requirements that are critical to survival. |
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| needs acquired through learning and experience. |
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| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
| 1) bioligical needs, 2) safety, 3) love and belonging 4) esteem 5) self-actualization |
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| results from an almost perfect balance between how much food an organism eats and actually needs. |
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| eating more than the body needs. |
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| eating less than the body needs. |
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| 30% or more above ideal body weight. |
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Term
| Biological Hunger Factors |
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Definition
| come from physiological changes in blood chemistry and signals from digestive organs that provide feedback to the brain, which triggers us to eat or not. |
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| Psychological Hunger Factors |
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Definition
| come from learned associations between food and other stimuli, sociocultural influences, and personality traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| come from inherited instructions found in our genes; they determine the number of fat cells or metabolic rates of burning off fuel. |
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Definition
| come from changes in blood chemistry or signals from digestive organs. |
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| come from the activity of chemicals and neurotransmitters in different areas of the brain. |
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| shrink if we are giving up fat and losing weight, and expand if we are gaining weight. |
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| how efficiently our bodies use up body fuels from food. |
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| refers to a certain level of body fat that our bodies strive to maintain constant throughout our lives. |
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Definition
| play a role in influencing appetite, metabolism, and secretion of hormones that regulate fate stores. |
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| include inherited instructions for the development of sexual organs, secretion of sex hormones, and wiring of the neural curcuits that control sexual reflexes. |
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| include the action of sex hormones involved in secondary sexual characterists (facial hair, breats), sexual motivation (moreso in animals), and development of sperm and egg. |
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| Psychological Sex Factors |
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Definition
| play a role in developing a sexual or gender identity, gender role, and sexual orientation; can also result in performance difficulties or enjoyment. |
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| Testosterone (m) and estrogen (f). |
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| sexual deviations; preferred sexual fantasies. |
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| refers to the presence of HIV antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| present when someone has HIV and less T-cells. |
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Term
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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Definition
| a personality test in which subjects are asked to look at pictures of people in ambiguous situations and to make up stores about what the characters are thinking and feeling and what the outcome will be. |
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