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Definition
| Three-base sequence in a tRNA molecule base that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA. |
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| Computer technologies used to study the genome. |
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| Prpduct created by using biotechnology techniques. |
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| Production of identical copies; can be either the production of identical individuals or, in genetic engineering, the production of identical copies of genes. |
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Definition
| Three-base sequence in mRNA that causes the insertion of a particular amine acid into a protein or termination of translation. |
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| Complementary Paired Bases |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonding between particular bases; in DNA thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C); in RNA, uracil (U) pairs with A, and G pairs with C. |
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Definition
| DNA that has been synthesized from mRNA by the action of reverse transcriptase. |
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Term
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) |
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Definition
| Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms. |
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| Enzyme that links DNA fragments; used during production of rDNA (recombinant DNA) to join foreign DNA to vector DNA. |
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Definition
| Synthesis of a new DNA double helix prior to mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells, and during prokaryotic fission in prokaryotic cells. |
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| Double Spiral; describes the three-dimensional shape of DNA. |
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Definition
| Production of one or more copies of the same gene. |
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Definition
| Alteration of DNA for medical or industrial purposes. |
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Definition
| Study of all the nucleotide sequences, including structural genes, regulatory sequences, and noncoding DNA segments, in the chromosomes of an organism. |
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Definition
| Type of RNA formed from a DNA template that bears coded information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. |
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Definition
| Alteration in chromosome structure or number and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition. |
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Definition
| Self-replicating ring of accesory DNA in the cytoplasm of bacteria. |
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| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
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Definition
| Technique that uses the enzyme DNA polymerase to produce millions of copies of a particular piece of DNA. |
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Definition
| String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis. |
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Definition
| The study of all proteins in an organism. |
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| DNA that contains genes from more than one source. |
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Definition
| Bacterial enzyme that stops viral reproduction by cleaving viral DNA; used to cut DNA at specific points during the production of recombinant DNA. |
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Definition
| Type of RNA found in ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). |
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Definition
| During transcription, an enzyme that joins nucleotides complementary to a DNA template. |
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Definition
| Pattern or guide used to make copies; parental strand of DNA serves as a guide for the production of daughter DNA strands, and DNA also serves as a guide for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA). |
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Definition
| Process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of mRNA. |
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Definition
| In eukaryotes, protein required for the intiation of transcription by RNA polymerase. |
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Definition
| Type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis; at one end, it binds to the amino acid, and at the other end it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon. |
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Definition
| Free-living organism in the environment that has a foreign gene in its cells. |
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Definition
| Process whereby ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA is produce a polypeptide with a particular sequence of amino acids. |
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Definition
| Each sequence of three nucleotide bases in the DNA of genes stands for a particular amino acid. |
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Definition
| The base in RNA that replaces thymine found in DNA; pairs with adenine. |
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| In genetic engineering, a means to transfer foreign genetic material into a cell (e.g., a plasmid). |
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Definition
| Use of animal organs, instead of human organs, in human transplant patients. |
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