Term
| concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (form about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to logically about concrete events |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
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| the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age |
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| an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation |
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| an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to stimuli or experiences produces proper development |
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| the process by which certain animals form attachments during critical period very early in life |
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| Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers |
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| our understanding and evaluation of who we are |
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| the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence |
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| the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable or reproducing |
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Term
| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| the body structures that make sexual reproduction possible |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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| non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair |
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| the first menstrual period |
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| our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles |
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| the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships |
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| in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood |
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| for some people in modern culture, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood |
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| the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines |
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| a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another |
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| research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
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| our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood |
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| the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement |
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